HISTORICAL GEOLOGY LECTURE TEST # 2 – SPRING 2013
1. In order for Wegener's "continental fit" to be more accurate, the continental margins are
considered to be A.the modern shoreline of each continent B.the edges of the continental
shelves C.all of the above D.none of the above
2. Evidence for evolution includes A.anatomy B.artificial selection C.geographic
distribution of organisms D.genetics E.all of the above
3. The Earth's magnetic field is probably due to motions of the A.crust B.mantle C.core
D.all of the above E.none of the above
4. The study of the relationships of ancient creatures with their environment is
A.paleobotany B.palynology C.micropaleontology D.paleozoology E.paleoecology
5. Simatic plates are formed A.within island arcs B.in trench areas C.at mid-ocean ridges
D.all of the above E.none of the above
6. A fossilization process by which volatile components decrease and the outline of the
animal or plant is preserved as a film is A.recrystallization B.permineralization
C.replacement D.carbonization E.ichnology
7. Which of the following is evidence that supports plate tectonic theory that was not
available to continental drift theorists? A.fit of continents B.paleontological evidence
C.petrologic evidence D.evidence for ancient climates E.paleomagnetic evidence
8. A fossilization process in which percolating groundwater introduces minerals into the
pore spaces is A.recrystallization B.permineralization C.replacement D.carbonization
E.ichnology
9. Glossopteris A.were ancient plants B.have been used to match up the Gondwana
continents C.all of the above are true D.none of the above is true
10. Population increases of organisms tend to be A.linear B.exponential
11. Which of the following is not a Gondwana continent? A.North America B.Africa
C.Antarctica D.India E.South America
12. Adaptive Radiation may occur due to an A.adaptive breakthrough B.mass extinction
C.all of the above D.none of the above
13. ? are used to reconstruct the ancient positions of continents. A.fission tracks
B.potassium-argon dating C.dendrochronology D.stable isotopes E.polar wandering
curves
14. The study of fossil animals is A.paleobotany B.palynology C.micropaleontology
D.paleozoology E.paleoecology
15. Mid-oceanic ridges are ? plate boundaries. A.transform B.convergent C.divergent
16. Most petrified wood is created by means of A.recrystallization B.permineralization
C.replacement D.carbonization E.ichnology
17. Most major earthquakes occur along ? boundaries. A.transform B.convergent
C.divergent
18. An impression of skeletal remains in an adjoining rock is a A.mold B.cast C.all of the
above D.none of the above
19. A suture belt would be typically formed when a continental plate collides with a
A.oceanic plate B.continental plate C.either an oceanic or continental plate may be
involved
20. Unaltered soft parts of extinct animals can sometimes be found in A.amber B.dry caves
C.frozen sediments D.all of the above E.none of the above
21. In order to form an ophiolite suite, an oceanic plate overrides a A.continental plate
B.oceanic plate C.either an oceanic or continental plate may be overridden
22. In order for fossilization to usually take place, the potential fossil A.must be quickly
buried B.must have hard parts C.avoids destruction by tectonism or chemical
dissolution D.all of the above E.none of the above
23. Microcontinents are of ? plate material. A.simatic B.sialic C.simatic or sialic
24. A fossilization process in which the original crystal structure changes size or form is
A.recrystallization B.permineralization C.replacement D.carbonization E.ichnology
25. Continental plate material is primarily A.granite B.andesite C.basalt D.arkose
E.gabbro
26. Which of the following would not be a trace fossil? A.plant impression B.trail
C.burrow D.track E.all of the above are trace fossils
27. The lithosphere A.is the brittle material forming the large plates B.is made of crustal
and upper mantle material C.is above the asthenosphere D.all of the above are true
E.none of the above is true
28. Continental drift theory stated that A.the "drifting" continents consists only of the crust
B.the continents "plowed through" the ocean basins C.all of the above are true D.none
of the above is true
29. A fossilization process by which percolating ground water dissolves bone and replaces it
with minerals is A.recrystallization B.permineralization C.replacement
D.carbonization E.ichnology
30. During subduction, which of the following is typically the overriding plate? A.oceanic
B.continental C.continental or oceanic plates may be the overriding plates
31. Plant photosynthesis can probably best explain the presence of ? in the atmosphere.
A.nitrogen B.methane C.water vapor D.oxygen E.all of the above
32. ? was an English economist who wrote the Essay on Population. A.Malthus B.Wallace
C.Darwin D.Haekel E.Galton
33. The East African rift basin produces ? magma. A.basalt B.granite C.all of the above
D.none of the above
34. A ? is fossil dung/excrement. A.cast B.mold C.steinkern D.melange E.coprolite
35. Oceanic plates are A.sialic B.simatic C.all of the above D.none of the above
36. The study of fossil tracks, trails and burrows is A.taxonomy B.systematics
C.phylogeny D.ontogeny E.ichnology
37. Triple rift systems occur along ? plate boundaries. A.transform B.convergent
C.divergent
38. The total disappearance of a taxon is termed A.an adaptive radiation B.extinction
C.phylogeny D.ontogeny E.steinkern
39. Melanges and benioff zones are associated with plate A.rifting B.suturing C.obduction
D.shear E.subduction
40. ? is when the same organs have different functions. A.anatomy B.physiology
C.homology D.taxonomy E.systematics
41. Gametes are A.extinction events B.adaptive radiations C.plate boundaries D.sex cells
E.photosynthetic processes
42. The failed arm of a triple rift system is termed a A.subduction zone B.melange
C.ophiolite sequence D.aulacogen E.hot spot trace
43. ? wrote the "Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection". A.Malthus B.Wallace
C.Darwin D.Huxley E.Haeckel
44. According to ? Theory, it is believed the continental crust floats and moves on top of the
underlying mantle material. A.Plate Tectonics B.Continental Drift C. both plate
tectonic and continental drift theory state that the continental crust floats and moves on
top of the underlying, ductile mantle
45. An example of a “hot spot trace” would be the A.Himalaya Mountains B.Cascade
Ranges C.Appalachian Mountains D.Hawaiian Islands E.all of these are “hot spot
traces”
46. ? proposes that evolutionary change occurs in fits and spurts. A.phyletic gradualism
B.punctuated equilibrium C.both of these propose that evolutionary change occurs in
fits and spurts
47. According to stochastic theories, extinction events are A.predictable B.random
48. Below the CCD the least likely sediment would be A.clay B.chert C.limestone D.all
of the above would be important sediment types below the CCD E.none of the above
would be found below the CCD
49. The best way in which speciation occurs is probably by ? A.isolating a population
B.causing populations of animals to increase tremendously in geographic extent
50. This test number is A. Please answer "A" for question # 50.