Biology
Chemistry Unit
Test Review
Images in this power point w
obtained from Google Image
What is Matter?
Anything that has _______ and _________.
What is Matter?
Anything that has mass and volume.
What is the smallest unit
of matter?
Hint: not a Chihuahua!
An Atom!
What are atoms
made up of?
Hint: 3 Things
What 2 larger particles are in the nucleus of the
atom and make up the MASS of the atom?
What are their charges?
What are the smallest
particles in the space
outside of the nucleus
that do not add to its
mass?
What is its charge?
What 2 larger particles are in the
nucleus of the atom and make up
the MASS of the atom?
Protons (+) and
Neutrons (0)
What are their charges?
What are the smallest
particles in the space outside
of the nucleus and do not
add to its mass?
What is its charge?
Electrons (-)
This is the element Boron and how it appears on
the periodic table.
What is this number called?
What does this number
represent?
What is this number called?
What does this number
represent?
Mainly represents the
# of Protons (+)
but also
# of Electrons (-)
Represents the
# Protons + # Neutrons
How many neutrons are in
Boron?
Element
Symbol
Protons
Chlorine
Cl
17
Nitrogen
N
7
Neutrons
Electrons
Atomic #
Mass #
35
7
Fill in the missing items
from this chart.
Element
Symbol
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Atomic #
Mass #
Chlorine
Cl
17
18
17
17
35
Nitrogen
N
7
7
7
7
14
How did I get those #’s?
Proton # = Atomic #
Electron # = Atomic #
Mass # = Proton # + Neutron #
Neutron # = Mass # - Proton #
Electron Shell Level
First Level
Second Level
Third Level
Maximum Number of
Electrons in each Shell
?
?
?
Electron Energy Levels
Maximum Number of Electrons in that
energy level.
First Level
2
8
8
Second Level
Third Level
Show the
number of
electrons in
each
shell(level)
for the
element
Oxygen
GAINS
(-)
Sodium loses an
electron
Becomes
Chloride gains
an electron
(+)
Becomes
Na + CL → Na⁺CL⁻
(-)
OK, now you know
what an ion is, so what
is an ionic bond?
When one atom loses an
electron and another gains
an electron and a compound
is formed.
(NO SHARING)
NaCl
What is a covalent bond?
Think:
Covalent bond is when two atoms are
sharing electrons in a compound.
What are…..
Neutron # has changed in the element and
changes Mass #. Proton # never changes!!
Isotopes of Carbon
What is an
?
Hint: It’s not the skateboarding company!
An element is “pure stuff”.
It is only one kind of atom in
matter such as pure gold (Au)
from the periodic table.
Other Examples:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Sodium
Phosphorous
Define:
•Molecule
•Compound
•Molecule
•Compound
Same Definition:
2 or more atoms
chemically combined
What elements make up the molecule
water? How many of each?
2 atoms of Hydrogen and
1 atom of Oxygen
H
H
(+)
(+)
O
(-)
See a resemblance?
Chemical and Physical
What is the difference??
Physical changes keep
the matter in the
same chemical
formula just change
shape or state
Chemical changes are
the formation of an
entirely new
compound with a
different chemical
formula than the
original compound.
What does a pH scale indicate (do
not say the pH number). It is the
concentration of ___?___ in a
solution.
What does a pH scale indicate (do not say the
pH number). It is the concentration of
Hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.
Strong Acid
pH= 1,2,3
Weak Acid
pH=4,5,6
Weak Base
pH= 8,9,10
Neutral
pH = 7
Strong Base
pH=11, 12, 13, 14
What is a buffer?
Don’t have a clue?
We have been dealing with
pH, so it probably has
something to do with
pH HOMEOSTASIS
A weak acid or
weak base that
can react with
strong acids or
bases to help
maintain pH
HOMEOSTASIS
Define & Give and Example:
•Solute
•Solvent
•Solution
Solvent : What does the dissolving
Ex: WATER
Solute: What is dissolved by the
solvent Ex: SALT
Solution: When a solute is dissolved into
a solvent Ex: Salt + Water
What is the name
for a type of
mixture that there
is NO DISSOLVING
taking place?
Suspension
Examples:
Sand + Water
Oil + Vinegar
What is COHESION?
COHESION?
Same
molecules
sticking
together
Water + Water
What is Adhesion?
What is ADHESION?
2 different molecules that stick
together
Ex: Water and glass
What is the weak bond called that
forms between the polar molecules
of water?
MACROMOLECULES
???????????
•What are the 4
types of
macromolecules?
They are all organic
compounds
•What is the function
of each?
Carbohydrates –
Energy & Structure
Lipids –
Energy storage, membranes, chemical
messengers
Proteins –movement, pigments, enzymes,
immune system, carrying oxygen
Nucleic Acids –
Heredity, DNA, RNA, ATP
Monosaccharides linked together
make Polysaccharides
What 3
elements make
up all
carbohydrates?
Carbon
Hydrogen Oxygen
What type of carbohydrates do animals
and plants store?
Glycogen (Sugar)
Starch
What type of carbohydrates do animals
and plants store?
Glycogen (Sugar)
Starch
What is cellulose?
Hint: We can’t digest it.
What is chitin?
Hint: On outside of insect
What is cellulose?
Carbohydrate of plant
cell walls known to us as
fiber. MOST ABUNDANT
MACROMOLECULE!!!
What is chitin?
Carbohydrate of insect
exoskeletons
What is the building block
(monomer) of lipids?
Glycerol + Fatty Acid Chain(s)
Cell membranes are
made up of
phospholipids
AMINO ACIDS
Know the 3 PARTS of an AMINO ACID
Amino Group
R Group
Acid Group
3 PARTS of an AMINO ACID
What are the 4 elements that are
found in proteins?
What are Enzymes?
?
What are Enzymes?
Proteins
that speed
up chemical
reactions in
our bodies.
Biological
Which
macromolecule
creates pigments for
our skin, hair, eyes?
Which
macromolecule
creates pigments
for our skin, hair,
eyes?
PROTEINS
Nucleic Acids
What are the monomers of nucleic
acids? Name the 3 parts
NUCLEOTIDES
Phosphate
group
Nitrogen Base
5 Carbon Sugar
Nucleic Acids:
What are 3 types of
nucleic acids?
What are 5 the elements
in a nucleic acid?
Nucleic Acids:
What are 3 types of
nucleic acids?
DNA, RNA, ATP
What are 5 the elements?
C, H, O, N, P
Chemical Reactions
What are the reactants and products of this
reaction?
A+B→C
Chemical Reactions
What are the reactants and products of this
reaction?
Reactants
A+B→C
Products
What are the reactants?
What are the products?
What are the reactants? 2H₂ and O₂
What are the products? 2H₂O
What is Activation Energy?
What is the difference between
Endergonic and Exergonic reactions?
Activation Energy (energy needed to get
a reaction started) of Exergonic and
Endergonic Reactions
Energy
Released
Energy
Absorbed
Energy released during a chemical
reaction is in the form of………
__________, ___________, and ___________
Energy released during a chemical
reaction is in the form of………
Heat, Light, and or Sound
Enzymes are catalysts in the body that
help __________________________.
Name the 3 parts
Enzymes are catalysts in the body that
help speed up chemical reactions.
Must know the 3 parts
Lock & Key
What is the difference between
reaction A & B?
A
B
You need to find the answer in your notes.
An enzyme was added to reaction B to lower the
activation energy needed for the reaction to take
place.
A
B
You have completed the
Biology Chemistry Unit Review!
How did you do?
Are you ready for the test,
or need to study some more?