USES OF THE ABLATIVE CASE (STAGE 28)
LATIN III
Key: __________ implies the need for a preposition. The Ablative does not always require a preposition.
Cavēte omnes!
I. WITH PREPOSITIONS:
porca __________ _______________ cēnat.
Prepositions which
commonly take the ablative:
The pig dines without a nose.
Modestus __________ ______________ ad schōlam vēnit.
dē – down from
ē (ex) – from
sine – without
sub – under
Modestus came to school without a book.
Salvius __________ ________________ librum dēiēcit.
Salvius threw a book down from the wall.
Ille __________ __________________ discedit.
He leaves from the tavern.
II. SHOWING PLACE
*of place where: the ablative is used with a preposition to show the place in or on which
something or someone is located.
porca __________ _______________ est.
The pig is in the city.
III. SHOWING DEGREE
* comparison: Sometimes Latin prefers to use the ablative case instead of quam.
Lingua Latina melior ____________ ____________est.
The Latin language is better than the English language.
Compare: Lingua Latina melior quam _____________ _____________ est.
The Latin language is better than the English language.
* degree of difference: specifies the difference between two people or items that are being compared.
leo __________ fortior ____________ est.
A lion is much stronger than a cat.
IV. SHOWING CIRCUMSTANCES
*of means or instrument: designates an abstract concept (means) or a physical object (instrument)
used to complete an action.
porca _______________ aquam trānsit.
The pig crosses the water by boat.
porca _______________ didicit.
The pig learned by (means of) letters.
*of manner: The ablative case is used with or without a preposition to describe an emotion or abstract
concept associated with an action.
porca __________ (__________) __________ currit. The pig runs with great speed.
porca __________ (__________) __________ currit. The pig runs with great fear.
*of cause: specifies the reason for which an action occurred.
_______________, porca natat. Because of the order, the pig swims.
*of accompaniment: specifies a person/animal who complete an action along with the subject.
porca __________ _______________ ambulat. The pig walks with a friend.
*of (personal) agent: for passive verbs/participles, shows the person/animal who completed the action.
vacca, __________ __________ amāta, effūgit. The cow, loved by the pig, escaped.
Describe or illustrate the difference between:
Marcus pedibus ambulābat.
Marcus cum pedibus ambulābat.
SO MANY ABLATIVES!
Make a list here of all of the English words that we’ve used to translate the ablative case without a
preposition.
USES OF THE ABLATIVE (STAGE 28)
LATIN III
SENTENCES TO PRACTICE THE ABLATIVE USES
Sentence
Translation
Use of the Ablative
1. agrum gemitū spectat.
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2. magnō cum beneficiō auxilium dedit.
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3. servus togam in corpore Salviī posuit.
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4. puer magnā īrā clāmābat.
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5. cum amīcīs cēnam cōnsumpsit.
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6. vacca in domō sedet.
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7. ancilla servō altior est.
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8. puellae cum suīs amīcīs ludunt.
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9. Marcus paulō Modestō callidior est.
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10. discō magnō gaudiō.
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11. lingua Latīna ā nōbīs amāta est.
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12. magister ex urbe cucurrit.
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13. mīles hostēs gladiō occīdit.
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14. porca cum metū pugnat.
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15. equus tarditāte ambulābat.
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16. magister dē arbore dēscendit.
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BOX O’ ABLATIVES – WOOHOO WOOHOO
Showing Place
Place where
Showing Degree
comparison
degree of difference
Showing Circumstances
means or instrument
manner (abstraction, emotion)
cause
accompaniment
agent (person, animal)
With Prepositions
with prepositions (no other category)