The Cold War: 1945-1989 Name __________________________
The Cold War Begins!
----Winston Churchill, speech delivered March 5, 1946
Main Idea:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
From World War to Cold War
 After WWII, _____________ and _____________ emerge as
__________________________________

 ______________________________ lead to tension 
 No peace conferences following end of WWII 
 Axis powers ______________________ by Allied Powers 
 ______________________: split into four zones ruled by USA, Britain, France, and USSR

 ______________________: occupied by USA

From World War to Cold War
 United Nations established to ___________________ and
______________________________ 
 Founding countries include USA, USSR, Britain, France, and Republic of China 
 UN _________________to _______________________ tension from growing between
USA and USSR

 USA, Britain, and France ________________________ their territories and create a
_____________________________________________ in West Germany

 USSR makes East Germany into a ______________________________ 
 __________________________ takes center stage as a microcosm of Cold War tension 
 1948 __________________________________: Soviets cut off highways and railroads connecting West Berlin to Western zones of Germany

 USA began to ____________________________ food into West Berlin

 Stalin had to choose, shoot down plane and start war, or back down

 Stalin chose to back down 
Bi-Polar World

 The World quickly ___________________ between 
 Those who support the USA (_______________________________) 
 Those who support the USSR (_______________________________)

 Those who hope to stay neutral and receive benefits from both
(__________________________)

Cold War Policies
 1947 Truman
Doctrine_________________________________________________________________ 
 1947 Marshall Plan
___________________________________________________________________

 1949 creation of _____________

 Goals: Containment of Communism 
Reaction to NATO
 USSR creates ____________________________ 
 Soviet imposed military alliance controlled by USSR 
 Line between east and west called “__________________________” by Winston
Churchill.

 Neither _______________________________, nor Eastern refugees could penetrate this imaginary line 
Nonaligned Nations
 ______________________, most of Africa, the Muslim world, and parts of Central and
South America 
The Space Race:
_______________________________________________________________________
Arms Race:
_________________________________________________________________________
__
Communism in China
 1949 ___________________________ pushes Guomindang into exile in Taiwan, establishes People’s Republic of China

 China becomes worlds ______________________________ communist nation

 Today Taiwan rejects China’s attempts at unification 
Mao = ____________________________________
Mao’s Great Leap Forward

 1950s 
 Plan to create a truly communist _____________________________ economy 
 _________________________ of farming and industry

 Miserable failure, some call it the Great Leap _________________________________

 Caused famine, ____________________________ died

 Focuses on building _________________________________ 
 Tests first ___________________________ in 1964 
 Introduces some elements of __________________, then worries about straying from communist past 
The Cultural Revolution
 1960s

 Goals: __________________________ and traditional, create a new society based on communist values 
 _______________________: Red Guards run amuck, students kill teachers, medical students imprison doctors, many arrested and executed for being “counter revolutionary” 
I’ll have capitalism, hold the democracy!
 _________________________________________ takes control of China in 1976

 Adds elements of ______________________________ into economy

 Similar to Lenin’s
____________________________________________________________ 
 Remains politically communist, limiting freedoms.

 1989 ______________________________________ Massacre 
 Will democratic reforms ever take place?

Change Over Time
 Under the communists China has

 Moved away from ________________________________ 
 Banned ________________________ 
 Eliminated the landlord class 
 Granted political and legal _______________________ to women

 Created laws limiting families to ________ child only

 Created a true ________________________ economy

 Added _______________________ of capitalism into the economy 

 Begun building one of the world’s _____________________________________ economies 
Berlin
 In 1961 Soviets built the _______________________________________surrounding
West Berlin

 The fall of the Berlin wall in December 1989 signified the
____________________________________ and the fall of the USSR 
Germany After the Cold War
 Decline of Soviet Bloc leads directly to ________________________________ 
 Berlin Wall torn down in _____________

 __________________________ of people out of East Germany

 Today Germany struggles with _____________________ and economic issues associated with rejoining the economically poor East Germany into West Germany 
Korea: Cold War Heats Up!
 After Japan defeated in WWII, __________ and ________________ come to occupy
Korea

 Like in Germany they will not work together

 Two ________________________ governments established

 Communist dictatorship in ____________________ Korea 
 _____________________ in South Korea 
 Both superpowers withdraw troops in _______________ 
 North Korea invades ____________________ in late 1949 
 _________ and _______________________ troops help South Korea

 _________________________ helps communist North Korea

 Armistice: 1953 divides Korea along 38 th parallel

 Still tension between these two nations 
Vietnam: More Cold War Tension Erupts!
 __________________________ loses control of Indochina in 1954

 Ho Chi Minh (____________________________) takes control of North Vietnam

 ___________________________ and France try to stop spread of communism

 ___________________________ 

 Vietnam is __________________________country today 
 Major loss for USA 
Cuba: Communism Next Door!
 Cuba gains independence following
______________________________________________ in 1898

 USA supports _______________________________ and supports policies benefiting wealthy landlords 
 1956 ___________________________ leads peasant revolt 
 1961 Castro sets up ______________________________ dictatorship 
 1961 Castro seizes industry and natural resources and
______________________________ them

 1961 ________________________________ invasion 
 1962 US spy planes photograph Soviet missile silos in Cuba 
 _______________________________________________________________________
____________ 
 Ends on October 28 after 13 days on the brink of nuclear war

 USSR promises to remove nukes

 USA promises not to invade Cuba

The End of the Cold War
 Living standards in Western Europe ______________________________ drastically 
 Eastern European states begin to ______________________ against Russia 
 Demand _______________________ 
 ___________________________________________________

 ___________________________________________________

Poland
 __________________________________________ leads Solidarity movement against
USSR 1980s 
 Polish gov’t _________________________________ Walesa 
 1989 Solidarity ______________________________

 1989 ____________________________ torn down

 1990 ____________________________ of USSR

 1990 Poland gains __________________________________________, Lech Walesa elected President 

USSR Collapses!
 Long history of economic _________________________________ and a shortage of consumer goods

 1970s USSR invades _______________________________

 USA equips the Mujahadeen (__________________________) in a guerilla war against
USSR 
 War is politically and economically ________________________ 
 ____________________________ takes power 1985 
 Institutes two new policies 
 Glasnost (_________________________)

 ______________________ (restructuring)

 Plans meet with _________________________________ in Russia 
 USA continues to push _____________________ and ________________________ races 
 Economic and political _______________________________ lead to USSR’s fall.
