Origins of the Cold War
1945-1963
I. Origins
1.
2.
3.
4.
Stalin refuses free elections
“Satellite” Nations
Violation of war conference agreements
March 1946, Churchill says, “Iron curtain
has descended across Europe.”
II. Containment
1. Contain communism
2. Truman Doctrine-Stop the spread of
communism
III. Marshall Plan
1. $3 billion; over 4 yrs.
2. Rebuilding democratic govt’s
IV. Berlin and the Warsaw Pact
1. Stalin wants no part of capitalismcuts
off E. Germ. from W.
2. Berlin Airlift
3. NATO
4. Warsaw Pact
Berlin and the Warsaw Pact
(cont’d)
5. One-up each otherarms race
6. 1949—USSR tests A-bomb
7. 1952—USA tests hydrogen bomb
V. National Security Act & NSC-68
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Nat. Sec. Act, 1947
D.O.D
National Sec. Council
CIA
NSC-68
1. Use of troops to achieve
containment
6. Special Operations—Green Berets
VI. Cold War: Asia
1.
2.
3.
4.
Chiang Kai-shek
Mao Zedong
1949--China becomes communist
1950—Stalin + Mao= communist bloc
Korea
5. Korea
6. N.Koreacommunist
7. 1950-cross 38th parallel into S.
8. UN intervenes
9. “police action”not war
10. N.Koreans repelled
11. N.Korea pushed to Chinese border
Korea (cont’d)
12. UN pushed back across 38th parallel
13. MacArthur criticalremoved from
command
14. 1953—Stalematestill divided at 38th
parallel…to this day
VII. U2, Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile
Crisis
1. 1958—U2 spy plane (recon.) shot down
2. Since 1955, USA spying on USSR
Bay of Pigs
3. 1959—Castro takes control
4. Nationalizes US businesses—land
reform
5. USA cuts off CubaCastro looks to
USSR
6. Ike approves plan to invade Cuba; but
dies
Bay of Pigs
7. 1961—JFK pres. agrees to invade Cuba
8. Failure and embarrassment
9. Krushchev wants USA out of Berlin
10. JFK refuses
11. Berlin Wall
Cuban Missile Crisis
12. October 1962-Spy planes see nukes in
Cuba
13. Threat goes from 30min. to 30sec.
14. JFK orders missiles removed
15. USSR; Castro say no
16. JFK orders naval blockade of Cuba
17. “Red Phone”
IX. Red Scare
1. Sen. (R)Joseph McCarthy
2. McCarthyism
3. Communist “witch hunt”
X. Americans & the Cold War
1. Fear of Hitler/Tojofear of nuclear war
2. Americans need
protection
3. Sputnik, 1957
Americans & the Cold War (cont’d)
4. 1958, Ike creates NASA
5. National Highway Act, 1956
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Interstate freeways
42,000 miles
Quick evacuation
Emergency landing
Transport missiles