World War II, Part 5: War in the European Theater Goal 10 Essential Idea The Battle of El Alamein, Stalingrad, and DDay were turning points in World War II. The Two Theaters and Two Sides For the United States, _______ was fought in ______ theaters: _____________ and the _____________. Who: Axis Powers Members: Germany, Italy, and Japan Who: Allied Powers Members: United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union Fighting in North Africa 1. Where: North Africa American Leader: General George Patton German Leader: General Erwin Rommel (aka the “desert fox”) The Suez Canal 2. Hitler’s Strategy: Take the Suez Canal Like the Panama Canal, the Suez Canal shortened travel distance The Suez Canal Hitler wanted the canal so he could have access to oil in the Middle East Why? Battle of El Alamein 3. The Turning Point in North Africa: Battle of El Alamein American and British troops defeated General Rommel and took control of the Suez Canal Battle of El Alamein Hitler’s Strategy Against Stalin 4. Where: Eastern Europe 5. Hitler’s Strategy: Devastate the Soviet Union’s economy by cutting off its resources Strategy: Take Stalingrad One major trade route for the Soviet Union was the Volga River Hitler wanted to capture Stalingrad, the city that controlled the Volga River Fighting in the Streets 6. The Turning Point in Eastern Europe Battle of Stalingrad Fighting took place during winter in the streets and homes of Stalingrad Battle of Stalingrad The Soviet were able to withstand the cold better and defeated the Germans Battle of Stalingrad The Allies Go on the Offensive 1. The Meeting: Casablanca Conference Churchill and FDR decided to take down Germany by attacking from the South Attacking through Italy They decided to strike the “soft underbelly” of Europe: Italy Tehran Conference 2. The Meeting: Tehran Conference Stalin agreed to attack Germany from the East, then help fight Japan The United States would attack Germany from the West 3. Striking the “Soft Underbelly” The Allies, led by General Patton, first attack Sicily, an island south of Italy, and won easily Italians panicked, arrested Mussolini, and executed him Italy began to negotiate surrender to the Allies Defeating Italy Dwight D. Eisenhower 4. Operation Overlord and D-Day: FDR chose Dwight D. Eisenhower to lead Operation Overlord, an invasion that would start on D-Day D-Day On June 6th, 1944, over ________________ soldiers headed for the coast of __________________. At some beaches, the ___________ saw little _______________. At Omaha Beach, the ___________ were met with _________________ German fire that almost ________________ the assault. D-Day 100,000 troops landed on the northern coast of France (Normandy), where they fought through intense German fire Paris Freed The invasion was successful, and the troops headed for Paris to liberate France D-Day and the Liberation of France (Show opening scene of Saving Private Ryan) 5. Battle of the Bulge After liberating France, troops headed for the German border Hitler, now losing the war, launched a final surprise attack Battle of the Bulge The Allies were surrounded and winter had set in General Patton rushed to the rescue from the South, slamming into German lines, giving victory to the U.S. 6. V-E Day Allied troops closed in on the German capital, Berlin Seeing that the war was lost, Hitler committed suicide The End of Hitler V-E Day….but the War is not Over Liberating the Jews The Allies achieved victory in Europe and then turned attention back to Japan