Animal Science II-Small
Animal
Dogs- Unit E
Competency 13.00
Use information specific to each
breed to select to select the best
dog for a given trait
Objective 13.01
Identify the seven major groups to which
dogs are classified
Breed Pictures From www.akc.org
Seven Major Groups of Dogs
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Sporting
Hounds
Terriers
Working
Herding
Toy
Miscellaneous Non-sporting
Jack Russell Terrier (not included)

Parson Russell Terrier according to the AKC
Sporting
Developed to hunt game
Pointers
Setters (Irish Setter)
Spaniels
Retrievers
Hound
Hunting and tracking by scent and
sight
Basset
Bloodhound
Dachshund
Greyhound
Terrier
Hunt under ground
Terriers
Schnauzers
Working
Developed to perform services

Pulling sleds, protecting property,
and provide human protection,
guarding property
Doberman Pinscher
Great Dane
Saint Bernard
Siberian Husky
Herding
Developed to assist in managing
livestock
Collie
German Shepherd
Old English Sheepdog
Toy
Developed to be small
(4-16 lbs)
Chihuahua
Pekingese
Pug
Toy Poodles
Non-sporting
Miscellaneous class used mainly
for companionship
Boston Terrier
 Bulldog
 Dalmatian
 Poodle

Objective 13.02
Discuss characteristics of the major dog
breeds
Assignment
Please read pages 456-461 in the
Introduction to Livestock and Companion
Animal textbook.
Sporting
Twenty-four breeds make up the sporting
group
Sporting
Pointers


Dogs developed about 200 years ago from
England
Named from the stance they take when
finding game
Colored liver, lemon, black, orange in combination
with white or solid color
Less coat care due to shorthair
Even temperament
Affectionate
Intelligent
Patient with children
Sporting
English Setter



Bird hunting in England
Crossing Pointers and Setters
Used for over 400 years
Hunt like pointers (stance)
Lighter weight than pointers
Gaining popularity in the US


Beauty
Usefulness
Sporting
Irish Setter

Noted for its solid red color, speed, loyalty,
boldness, and toughness
Mahogany or rich chestnut red with no trace of
black in the coat color
Slightly taller and heavier than English setters


Used for all types of game, but train slower
than some other breeds
Ideal show dog, but it can’t be used for both
show and field.
Sporting
Brittany Spaniel


May be classed as a setter or spaniel,
but works more like a setter than a
spaniel
Ticking (mixing of darker colors at the tips of
the hair) is desirable on the:
White or liver and white coat in either clear or roan
patterns.


Smaller dog
Excellent shooting dog
Sporting
Springer Spaniel

The foundation breed for all English hunting
spaniels
Love to chase their game out of cover
They usually do not take a point when hunting.

Similar weight as the small pointer & the height of a
Brittany
compact breed


Larger and faster than other spaniel breeds
Exceptional hunters in thick brambles
Sporting
American Cocker Spaniels

Smallest members of the sporting dog
family
Sandy color with elegant appearance and cheerful
disposition

Soft-hearted dog that makes an excellent
family pet
Sporting
Labrador Retrievers



Active water dog that was bred to get downed
waterfowl
Short coupled, strongly built dog with an alert, friendly
disposition, fine temperament, and inquisitive nature
Very dependable
One of the best used breeds for guide dogs or for search and
rescue work

Short, thick, water-resistant hair
Colors of black, chocolate, or yellow (golden).

Usually not as tall as pointers
The Hounds
Hunts by scent or by sight
The greyhound and Alghan hound
hunt by sight, while most others hunt
by smell
The Hounds
Basset hound


Excellent sense of smell
Short-legged dog heavier in bone than any
other breed for its size
Gentle, devoted dogs that are good with children,
but may be stubborn and difficult to house break



Usually white with chestnut or sand-colored
Not exceeding 14“ in height
Weighs 40 to 51 lbs on average
The Hounds
Beagles



Noted for their rabbit hunting ability
Make great pets and companions
Weight and Height
18 - 30 lbs
13 - 15" height at the shoulder

Colors range from a blue with black tigering,
white, black, orange, or hound type tricoloring
The Hounds
Black and Tan Coonhound

Developed in the US
Crossed with the bloodhound and foxhound

Bred especially for hunting raccoons
Aggressive breed that is intelligent and a
passionate hunter

Known for its black coat and tan markings on
the muzzle, limbs, and chest.
Exceeded in size among the hounds by the
bloodhound
The Hounds
Bloodhounds



One of the most docile of all breeds
Can track a scent that is several hours old
Disposition:
Affectionate, but somewhat shy
Non aggressive
Sensitive to correction and kindness
Excellent pets for children


Colors range from tawny to black and tan or red and
tan
Largest of the hound group
The Hounds
Dachshund

Perfected in the 1800’s in Germany for
hunting badgers
Dachshunds are short legged
Long bodied muscular dogs
8 to 20 pounds
5-9" at the shoulder




Lively and courageous
A barker that makes a good watchdog
Good with children
Used mainly as a companion dog
The Hounds
American Foxhound

Bred from English hounds and later French
hounds sent to George Washington
Affectionate dog
Not often used as pets
Hunt in packs
Bold and aggressive in the field

They are slightly shorter than the bloodhound or black
and tan coonhound
The Hounds
Greyhounds


Favorites of Egyptian royalty
Greyhounds are good at hunting all types of game
Because of its speed, they were used in packs to catch their
quarry and pull it down



Used in the United States for racing
Valuable as a show dog
Need lots of exercise
Not suited for apartment dwelling

Not recommended as a companion dog for children
The Terrier Group
Developed to hunt “underground”
Its name is derived from the Latin word
terra meaning earth
Two subgroups:


long legged
short legged
The Terrier Group
Airedale Terriers





Large long-legged group
Head and ears are tan with the sides and
upper parts of the body being black or grizzle
Very docile
Obedient
Gets along well with children
The Terrier Group
Bull Terriers
Cross of the Bulldog, Old English Terrier, and Spanish
Pointer that were used for dogfights
 Loving and affectionate
 Will readily fight to protect themselves or their master
White or colored:
White (may have some black markings about the head)
Colored bull terriers are any color but white, with brindle
being the preferred color
The Terrier Group
Fox Terrier

Either smooth or wired, depending on the type of hair
coat
White should be the dominant color

One of the Best known and most widely distributed
purebred dogs
Noted for their courage in hunting animals that den in the
ground
Fox terriers are easy to train
Affectionate
Good companion dogs
The Terrier Group
Miniature Schnauzer

German breed developed to hunt badger, fox, weasel,
etc.
Good apartment dog
Fond of children





Intelligent, hardy and healthy
Less than 20 pounds
12 – 14" in height at the shoulder
Stocky
Wirehaired
The Terrier Group
Parson Russell Terrier

Recognized by the American Kennel Club as
part of the Terrier group
This dog was formerly the Jack Russell Terrier
Recognized in other nations as a separate breed

See the Jack Russell Terrier for a description
Working Dogs
Perform a service to humans
Pulling sleds
 Protecting property
 Performing rescue work
 Carrying messages

Working Dogs
Alaskan malamute


Artic sled dog
Noted for their cleanliness, being odorless
They do not bark

Always has a white underbody and white on
parts of the legs, feet, and part of the mask
markings
Working Dogs
Boxers



Descended from fighting dogs of Tibet
Suspicious of strangers, but good natured dog
Requires regular exercise to help prevent
rheumatism
Short life span of usually less than 10 years

Colors
Fawn and brindle with white markings possible on
the chest and face
Working Dogs
Doberman pinscher

German breed that is a result of crossing
Great Danes, German Sheperds, Rottweilers,
and Pinschers
Female Dobermans are cautious around strangers

Affectionate and calm with family
Male Dobermans are extremely intelligent


Often very aggressive and need a strong owner who is good at
managing the dog
Dobermans often live as long twenty years
Long lifespan for dogs
Working Dogs
Great Dane



One of two largest breeds of dogs
Friendly companion or watchdog.
Weight
110-115 lbs for females
120-150 lbs for males

Height at the shoulder
> 28" for females
> 30" for males
Working Dogs
Standard Schnauzer




Uses include family pet, watchdog, and
bodyguard
Very clean and almost odor free
Noted for a long life span
Color
Salt and pepper, or pure black
Working Dogs
Rottweiler

Originated from the Mastiff type dogs of Rome
Used to drive cattle to market

Massive and powerful, but peaceful, obedient, and extremely
intelligent
Very protective of their owners
Good companion dogs
Bodyguards
Watchdogs
Police dogs
Herd dogs

Color
Always black with rust to mahogany markings about the face and
feet
Working Dogs
Saint Bernards




One of the two largest breeds
Excellent sense of smell
Coat made it suitable to perform rescue in extreme
mountain climate conditions
Peaceful, quiet, and gentle dog
Loves the company of humans
Makes a good companion dog

Color
Red with white markings or white with red markings
Working Dogs
Samoyed Breed of Siberia



Excellent companion and watchdog
Likes to bark
Very gentle and kind
Especially loving of children


Many believe it is the most beautiful breed
Color
Pure white
Working Dogs
Siberian Husky



Originated in Asia
Endurance sled dog
Found its home in Alaska
Began to win the All Alaska Sweepstakes Race in the early
1900’s

Friendly and gentle dog
May be stubborn and ill around children

Not aggressiveness or protective
Poor watchdog

Color
Pure white to all other colors including black
Herding Dogs
Developed to assist the herdsman
manage various livestock species
Herding Dogs
Collies



One of the older breeds
Used for sheepherding
Used mainly today as:
devoted family dogs
wary of strangers
very protective

Either rough-coated (longhaired) or smooth coated
long-haired collie require frequent brushing to remove burrs
and knotted hair

Color: Sable and white, Tricolored, Blue and merle,
and white
Herding Dogs
German Shepherd

Probably crossed between herding dogs &
wolves
Rescue dogs, police dogs, guard dogs, guide
dogs, and pets

Courageous, loyal, obedient, and affectionate
to family members
Leery of strangers

Color
Black nose with various shades of gray, brown,
and yellow
Herding Dogs
Old English sheepdog



Large, muscular dog
Has a gait that makes it look like a bear when
it moves
Excellent herd dogs, companion dogs, and
pets, and have also been used for guard
dogs, sled dogs, and retrievers
Friendly and affectionate
Herding Dogs
Shetland sheepdog


Small version of the collie
Excellent family pets and companion dogs
Docile
Devoted dog
Intelligent

Color
Black, blue merle, and sable with markings of
white and/or tan
Toys
So-named because of their small size
Most often used as house pets and
companions
Toys
Chihuahua


Named for the state of Chihuahua in Mexico
Smallest breed of dog in the world
Oldest breed on the continent

Noted as a clannish breed
Does not like other breeds of dogs

Courageous, energetic, lively, alert, and
intelligent
Toys
Italian Greyhound

Smallest of dogs that hunt by sight
Used as companion or pet

This breed is odorless
Short, smooth hair coat
Sheds little
Easy to maintain

Playful and alert around friends
Wary of strangers

Affectionate dog that needs lots of affection to thrive
Toys
Manchester Terrier or Rat Terrier

Originally known for its rat and rodent hunting
skills
Used today as a companion dog

Color
Jet black with rich mahogany tan markings about
the face and lower legs
Toys
Pekingese


From China
Extremely affectionate with its owner
Make good watchdogs or lapdogs for apartment
dwellers

Will show great courage
Not afraid of larger adversaries


Require teeth care to prevent decay
Needs frequent coat care to keep its long, fine
hair well groomed
Toys
Pug




Very old breed
Noted for its prominent eyes; short, square
muzzle; deep wrinkled forehead; and large,
massive head
Intelligent
Affectionate
Enjoy lots of attention
Love children

Easily trained
Toys
Shih Tzu

Chinese breed with a long, flowing hair coat
Requires constant care to prevent matting and
knotting

Color
Eyes and nose are rim black with any coat color

Looks like a miniature lion
Has an aristocratic, arrogant carriage
Non-sporting
Miscellaneous breeds
Used mainly for companion dogs
Non-sporting
Boston Terrier

American breed
Originated from crossing the English Bulldog and white
English Terrier and further developed though inbreeding

Clean cut dog
Has the body conformation of a Terrier

Make excellent house dogs or companion dogs
Even tempered, intelligent, and get along well with children

Color:
Black or Brindle with white markings
Non-sporting
Bulldog

Originally a ferocious dog
Bred for bull baiting and fighting and noted to be almost
insensitive to pain



Today they have been selectively bred to be good
natured
May have problems at whelping due to the large size
of the puppy’s head
Color
Solid white, solid red, fawn or fallow, red or other colors of
brindle, and piebald
Non-sporting
Dalmatian

Calm, quiet dog
Intelligent



Has been used as a trail hound for tracking, for
hunting birds, boar, and bear, retrieving game
Most notably used as a coach or carriage dog (fire
trucks)
Will follow their master if at all possible regardless of
the mode of the master’s travel
Thrives on human companionship
Natural as guardians
Love children

Color
White with black spots or white with liver brown spots
Non-sporting
Lhasa apso


Known for its small size and heavy hair coat
Was used as guard dogs in Tibet
This dog is most suited for adults who will spend time with
them
Intelligent
Quick hearing
Can readily distinguish between strangers and close
associates

Very obedient if they trust you
Responds readily to kindness
Lhasa apso
Non-sporting
Poodle

Very intelligent
Good natured dog (usually)

Known as the national dog of France
Used as a retriever, duck(water) dog, and circus trick dog
Used today as companion and show dogs


All colors with an even and solid coat color at the skin
Weight
Standards average 35 - 45 pounds for females and 40 – 50 pounds
for males
Miniature varieties average 16 - 35 pounds for females and 18 – 30
pounds for males
Toy Poodles average 14 - 16 pounds for females and 15 – 18
pounds for males

Height at the shoulder
Standards are >15"
Miniature varieties average 10 – 15"
Toy Poodles are < 10"
Exceptions
Breeds not included in the seven major Groups
The Jack Russell Terrier
Developed around 200 years ago in England by a clergyman,
Parson Jack Russell to hunt fox
Known for its alert, confident, and ready attitude
The dog may have a smooth or wirehaired coat

Color
White with black or tan markings or a combination of the
three colors

Weight
13 - 17 pounds

Height
At the shoulder 12 – 15"
Objective 13.03
Assess major factors in selecting dogs
Breed Considerations
Size


Large or small based on space requirements both for
the dog and for what you have available
Will it be inside or outside?
Chihuahua
 Fragile apartment dwellers
Mastiff
 Weighs 220 lbs and are best suited for large
open land
Breed Considerations
Temperament

Active or quiet breed
Fox terrier

a small dog but is very active
Labrador and a Sheepdog

adapts to apartment living well
Breed Considerations
Hair Coat

Type of hair coat determines
grooming requirements
Longhaired or wirehaired
More grooming
 Prone to skin disease

Short haired

Brings less dirt inside
Breed Considerations
Purpose of dog

Is the dog for sporting, hunting,
service, companion,show, guard, or
racing?
Breed Considerations
Price of dog

Depends on demand
More common breeds are typically
less expensive
Less common breeds can be more
expensive
Source
Pet store

buys from local breeders
Kennel

purebreds and mixed breeds
Breeder

if wanting a purebred
Shelter

works for a companion or family dog
Consideration
Use?
Affects all other considerations
 Companion, service, work,
hunting

Cost?

Mixed breed less expensive than
a purebred pedigreed animal
Consideration
Pedigree?


Linage of the dog
Very important for show or hunting
Sex?


Will it be spayed or neutered?
Used for breeding?
Consideration
Age?

Puppy
Need lots of training
Will grow out of cute stage
May get bigger in size than expected

Adults
You know the size it is
Already trained
Consideration
Conformation

General structure
Look
Make-up of animal



important for show to meet breed
requirements
will it be able to swim
run after game if for hunting or sporting
Consideration
Family history?
Deformities
 Temperament

Personal preference?
What color you like
 What markings do you like

Competency 14.00
Use care techniques that improve
the wellbeing of dogs
Objective 14.01
Discuss the grooming practices for hair,
nails, eyes, ears, and teeth.
Hair
Daily brushing recommended

to remove dead hair and distribute
the skin’s oils
Check for mats in long hair

Tease with comb behind ears and
under legs
Cut burrs by placing the comb
between the burr and skin
Hair
Terriers and wirehaired breeds

Need plucking
A stripping knife is used to remove
dead hair and trim live hair
A twisting motion is used with the
stripping knife to pluck hair
Hair
Bathing




Only when extremely dirty
Use baby shampoo, mild soap,
coconut oil shampoo.
Do not use detergent shampoos which
can lead to skin reactions
Ophthalmic ointment
Sooths eye irritation
Cleaning the Ears
1. Clean once a month
2. Use cotton swab or soft cloth soaked in
lukewarm water or approved ear
cleaner
3. Only ear parts that can be seen should
be cleaned
4. Use a finger, never a sharp or pointed
object
5. Check for ticks and mites
Cleaning the Eyes
1. Use approved eyewash solutions to
remove any irritating substance
2. Check for any redness or puffiness
Cleaning the Teeth
1. Clean regularly to prevent tartar and
plaque
2. Use small toothbrush with soft bristles
3. Use a mix of salt water and baking soda
or toothpaste
4. Clean from the gum line to the tips of
teeth
5. Hard dog biscuits or dibbled food help
maintain healthy teeth
6. Clean 1 to 2 times per week
Nail Care
Trimmed occasionally
Do not crush nail when cutting
Avoid cutting the nail bed which will
cause bleeding

Styptic powder
Stops bleeding
Use clippers not scissors
Objective 14.02
Describe major health concerns for dogs
Dog diseases
Infectious diseases

Caused by pathogenic
microorganisms
Canine Distemper
Caused by inhalation of airborne
virus
Early vomiting and diarrhea
Later:

tremor-epileptic fits
Canine Parvovirus Infection
Virus

Contaminated feces
Mostly affects young pups

Symptoms
vomiting
bloody diarrhea
refusal to eat
Canine Parvovirus
http://www.petservice.com/libraries/pictures/parvo_pict.html
Kennel Cough (tracheobronchitis)
Respiratory disease
Contracted in confinement
pet shops
 dog shows
 kennels

Symptom: cough
http://www.petservice.com/libraries
/pictures/bord_pict.html
Rabies
Viral disease

Attacks the central nervous system
All warm-blooded animals can
transmit rabies
Symptoms:


Occur 2 weeks to 3 months after bite
Severe can be within 10 days
Rabies
“Furious” rabies



act strange then wander off
attack and bite anything
frothing at the mouth
“Dumb” rabies


no wandering but paralysis of lower jaw
followed by paralysis of body and death
Infectious dog diseases
Canine Brucellosis





Bacterial disease
Causes abortion
Failure to whelp
Enlargement of the lymph nodes
Swelling of the scrotum and testicles
Infectious dog diseases
Salmonellosis
bacterial disease
 ingestion of food contaminated
with feces

Noninfectious
Heart disease

Symptoms:
coughing at night during sleep
coughing during exercise
open mouth breathing at rest


Congenital (birth)
Contracted
Noninfectious
Cataracts




cloudy, white opacity of
lens
can be hereditary or not
can cause blindness
found mostly in older
dogs
Noninfectious
Hip Dysplasia (CHD)


Inherited trait
Environmental conditions
too much exercise
rough play
excessive weight gain
rapid growth

Affects the hip joints and is common in large
breeds
http://www.belfield.com/xray2.jpg
Noninfectious
Arthritis

Degenerative joint disease
pain
lameness
stiffness in the joints

Large, old, and obese dogs are
more prone to the disease
Noninfectious
Tetanus

Caused by a bacteria
spores are present in the soil and feces of
various animals
produces toxins


over stimulation of the dog’s nervous system
Symptoms
spasms of facial muscles
Paralysis
Lockjaw
inability to stand
prolapse of the third eyelid
Fungal diseases
Ringworm


Most common fungal disease
Symptoms
begin as broken hairs around the face
ears, or feet
reddened and scaly skin
crusting and scaling in severe cases
Fungal diseases
Blastomycosis


inhaling infected spores of soil
enriched with bird or bat droppings
Symptoms:
coughing
rapid breathing
pneumonia and fever
Internal Parasites
Ascarids


Roundworms that may grow to 8” in length
Affect mainly puppies
deprive them of nutrients
Severe infestation will cause a pot-bellied
appearance


Transmitted by female dogs to puppies
Danger to children
Internal parasitesHookworms

Blood sucking parasites
Adult worms are about 1” long

Attach to the small intestine
causing small spots of bleeding
can cause severe loss of blood into the
intestine
anemia

Affects all ages of dogs
Hookworms
http://www.bullwrinkle.com/ShoppingPages/dog-hookworms.htm
Internal Parasites
Whipworms

Broad at one end and narrow at the other
They use the narrow end to attach to the cecum and
lower digestive tract

Adults are about 2 ½” long
produce “shell” protected eggs
may live in the soil for years


Produce watery feces
May result in dehydration and death if
untreated
Whipworms
http://www.beaglesunlimited.com/Photos/CanineWhipworms.jpg
Internal Parasites
Tapeworms

Usually the largest worms affecting dogs
1’ or more in length


Most depend on a host such as a flea or wild
rabbit
Flat and segmented
small intestine
shed terminal segments in feces

Not harmful for dogs but may cause serious
injury to humans
Internal Parasites
Heartworms

Thin worms that grow to a length of 14”
live in the major artery carrying blood from the
heart to the lungs

Serious threat to dogs
Major injury to vital organs

Symptoms:
frequent coughing
labored breathing
fainting


Transmitted by mosquitoes
Prevention is preferred to treatment
treatment must occur early
Heartworms
http://www.shakervet.com/heartworm.html
Heartworms
http://www.shakervet.com/heartworm.html
External Parasites
Fleas

Small blood sucking insects
move rapidly over the skin

Develop from eggs to adult in as little as
16 days
first detected in the groin and rump area
cause irritation and extreme itching

Controlled with powders, dips, shampoos,
collars, oral insecticides, foggers and
sprays
External Parasites
Ticks

Blood sucking arthropods
Two main families

Hard tick
Brown dog tick can survive indoors
American dog tick lives in grass and on shrubs

Soft tick
Spirose Ear tick

larvae and nymph stage live in and cause irritation to the
outer ear canal
External Parasites
Lice

Wingless insects
Bloodsuckers



Not common on dogs
Severe hair loss from scratching and
rubbing
Two treatments 12 days apart with dips,
dusts, or sprays
External Parasites
Mites


Tiny, eight legged arachnids
Demodectic mites do not usually
cause problems, but a severe
infestation may result in hair loss,
reddening of skin, and encrusting
either in spots or over the entire body
External Parasites
Two types of Sarcoptic mites

Burrow within the outer layer of skin
highly contagious
mange or scabies

intense irritation and itching may result in
the dog injuring itself as it tries to scratch,
chew or rub the skin
External Parasites
Ear mites



Highly contagious
Outer ear canal
They are a common problem with
infected animals shaking their head
Flea products are effective in treatment
as well as ear drops
External Parasites
Cheyletiella mites
Contagious
 Cause a condition known as
“walking dandruff”

Severe scaling on the back may
occur
Itching is not as severe as with
other mite infestations
External Parasites
Chiggers

Orange-red larvae stages of Trombicula
mites
cause an itchy, red rash on the belly, face and
legs

Picked up from underbrush
Remain on the skin for a short time
Usually do not require treatment other than
something to stop the itching
Poisons
Insecticides


May cause poisoning if ingested in
large anounts
Organophosphates and carbamate
compounds
Main source of insecticidal poisoning


Boric acid from roach bait
Arsenic from ant traps
Poisons
Herbicides

Glyphosphate
Round-Up

Arsenic-based weed killers
Poisons
Plants


Philodendron
Dieffenbachia (Dumbcane)
Mouth swells to the point that you can not
talk


Pothos
Caladium
contain insoluble calcium oxadate crystals
cause irritation to the mouth and intestinal
tract
Dieffenbachia
Caladium
Philodendron
Pothos
Poisons
Household chemicals and
cleaners

Can cause sickness if ingested
Ammonia
Bleach
Borates
Hydroxides
Pine oil
Poisons
Rodenticides

Used for rodent control
Strychnine & warfarin
internal bleeding
 death if ingested in sufficient quantities

Poisons
Antifreeze
Common source
 Sugary taste
 Symptoms:

Appear drunk
Depressed