Civilizations in Crisis
Chapter 26 Reading Guide
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What were the early symptoms of Ottoman decline?
What reforms of Mahmud II’s were successful?
What was the European experience in Egypt? Who was Muhammad Ali?
Why did Muhammad Ali’s successors fail?
Why were the British in Sudan? What happened there?
What gave rise to the last Chinese dynasty, the Qing?
Describe the economy and society of the Qing.
What were the Opium wars?
Why did the Qing finally fall?
Overall, how did Muslim and Chinese leaders respond to westernization?
Were Europeans responsible for Chinese and Muslim internal problems or did they just take
advantage of the situation?
12. What internal forces arose to challenge Qing and Ottoman leadership?
13. Why do you think Muslim culture and states were able to survive when the Qing could not?