The Rise of Rome Notes
From City-State to Emerging Empirec. 750-150 B.C.
The Origins of Rome
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According to Roman legend, Rome was founded in _____ B.C. by the twins, _______________________, sons
of the war god, ________, and a Latin princess
They were supposedly raised by a she-wolf and established Rome on the banks of the ________River
According to the Roman poet, __________ Trojan refugees, led by Aeneas, founded Rome after escaping the
destruction of Troy at the hands of the Mycenaean Greeks, as told in The ___________
Rome’s Geography
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The _________ established Rome around seven hills along the banks of the Tiber River
Rome’s central location on the Italian peninsula near the western coast enabled it to become a thriving ________
center, but it was also far enough inland to be protected from sea raiders
Rome’s central location in the ________________________later enabled the Romans to dominate the entire
region militarily
“All ______________ lead to Rome”
Etruscan and Greek Influences
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Etruscans to the ___________ and Greeks to the _____________heavily influenced ____________ culture
The ___________________ shared their alphabet, architecture, and religious rituals but also ruled over the Latins
through a series of kings from about 600 to 509 B.C.
Greek colonists taught the Latins to cultivate ______________________________ and introduced their religion
and legends (the Greek Zeus became the equivalent of the Latin ____________________)
The Birth of the Roman Republic
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Roman ______________________(known as patricians) overthrew the last Etruscan king of Rome,
__________________ the Proud, in 509 B.C. and established a republic
Republic = res publica (public affairs)
Power rested with the_____________________ of Rome (free-born ________________ alone)
The Romans banned monarchy and threaten to kill anyone who sought to become a_______________
The Republic
People
______________________ – wealthy landowning aristocrats (held the most power)
______________________ – common farmers, artisans, merchants (majority of population, could vote)
_________________– Two chief executives elected by Centuriate Assembly (1 year term)
_______________ – Plebian elected representatives who worked on behalf of the Plebian class
__________________– 8 judges chosen for 1 year (2 oversee civil and criminal courts others govern)
Institutions/Laws
________________– 300. Chosen by aristocracy. Control foreign and financial policies. Consult Consuls
_________________________________ – citizen-soldiers. Life term. One vote. Elect consuls and make laws.
_______________________ – Grouped by where you live. Life term. Elect Tribunes and approve laws.
___________ – Military Unit. citizens are required to serve in Roman Army (10 years if you want public offices)
__________________________ – 451 BCE. First written code of laws for Rome. Protected all citizens under the law.
Seen as an important victory for Plebian class.
The Roman Forum
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center of Roman ____________________life (12 Tables were hung here)
Assembly members would meet outside here to discuss issues and possible laws
Where the senate as well as republican government itself began. The Senate House, government offices, tribunals,
temples, memorials and statues gradually cluttered the area
One must be a great ____________________ speaker, to get themselves heard
Hero of the Republic: Cincinnatus
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Even as plebeians pushed for more power, Romans valued _______________________ in their leaders and were
even willing to temporarily surrender absolute authority to a _________________in time of crisis (almost always
a patrician)
____________________________ won fame as a consul who was appointed dictator twice (458 B.C & 439 B.C)
to help Rome defeat both external and internal enemies; both times he immediately gave up his authority once the
crisis was over and returned to his farm
His actions served as an ideal model for future Roman leaders
Conquer or Perish:
Rome’s Expansion
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To survive, the Romans had to stay organized in an almost constant state of warfare against other tribes in the
Italian peninsula
Rome led the __________________________________ in a series of wars that eventually led to domination of
central Italy by 396 B.C. and nearly all of the peninsula by _________________________
*All Latins received Roman _______________________________
*Conquered peoples were given citizenship
but not the___________________
*Allies were not interfered with as long as they ___________________________________ to the Roman army
Though fearsome in battle, the Romans practiced leniency with their defeated enemies and gained their trust and
support
The Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.)
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Rome’s growing commercial network in the Mediterranean brought it into conflict with the other great power of
the region – the ___________________________________(descendants of the Phoenicians)
____________________________________(264-241 B.C.) led to Rome’s conquest of the island of Sicily (its
first overseas province) and Rome’s rise as a naval power
_____________________________________ (218-202 B.C.) nearly witnessed Rome’s downfall at the hands of
the Carthaginian general, ______________________, who crossed the ___________from Gaul, France, with over
50,000 troops (and even some elephants) to wreak havoc in Italy for a decade; he was eventually defeated by
__________________, who led a Roman counter-invasion of North Africa
__________________________ (149-146 B.C.) resulted in Carthage’s complete _________________ – over
50,000 Carthaginians were sold into slavery and Rome acquired North Africa