Chapter 2
The American Colonies Emerge
Who were the
conquistadores?
• Spanish word for
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•
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conquerors.
Came in search of
gold and silver.
Landed in Mexico and
the Americas.
3 G’s: Gold, Glory,
and God
Who was Hernando Cortes?
• Explorer who landed in
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Mexico (1519)
Conquered Aztecs and
took their gold.
Took over Aztec capital
(Tenochtitlan)
Used biological warfare
with blankets (small pox)
Built New Spain (new
capital called Mexico City)
What was the social structure
like in New Spain?
• Most who settled New
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•
Spain were men.
Married American Indian
women and created
mestizos (part
Spanish/American Indian)
Encomienda systemAmerican Indian slave
labor system for the
Spanish.
Who settled New Mexico?
• Juan Ponce De Leon•
•
explored Florida.
Established St. Augustine.
Other Spanish explorers
settled in the Southwest
with missionaries
(convert American
Indians to Christianity)
Formed
Congregaciones to
force American Indians to
adopt Christianity and
European ways.
How did American Indians
rebel?
• Spanish destroyed
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•
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objects sacred to
American Indians.
1680- Pope led a
rebellion against the
Spanish. (Pope
Rebellion or Pueblo
Revolt )
17,000 American
Indians rebelled all over
New Mexico.
New Spain would not be
reconquered for 14
more years.
What happened at
Jamestown?
• First permanent British
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colony in the New World
(1607)
John Smith was the
founder.
Joint stock companyinvestors who wanted
to get rich.
Most settlers starved
because they did not
find food.
Powhatan Indians
helped early settlers.
Jamestown (Continued)
• John Rolfe- saved
Jamestown with his
crop of tobacco (brown
gold) Married
Pocahontas.
• Headright systemeach person who came
to Jamestow would
receive 50 acres of
land.
• Indentured servantsin exchange for passage
had to work for 4-7
years.
• 1619- First Africans
arrive in Virginia
How did English colonists
treat American Indians?
• No desire to intermarry
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with American Indians.
Colonists needed more
land and wanted to take
it by force.
Royal colony- colonies
were under the control of
King rather than by a
company.
Disregarded American
Indian culture.
Who held the power in
Virginia?
• Wealthy landowners
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•
had the power.
Freed indentured
servants had little land
with no rights and no
protection from Indians.
Bacon’s Rebellionraised an army to fight
American Indians and
also rebelled against the
government of
Jamestown led by
Governor Berkeley
(class struggle)
What was the House of
Burgesses?
• First colonial
•
legislature in the New
World (early 1600’s)
First in Williamsburg,
VA
Why did Puritans come to
America?
• Religious freedom
•
(wanted to purify the
Church)
Every person could
experience God
through the Bible,
faith, and prayer.
Who were the Separatists?
• Also know as the Pilgrims
• Mayflower Compact•
•
established selfgovernment
Wanted to leave the
Church of England and
form own congregation.
Founded Plymouth Colony
in 1620.
What was the Massachusetts
Bay Colony like?
• Founded by Puritans in
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1630 (Boston area)
Founded by John
Winthrop
All adult male members
of the Church could vote
Emphasis on Church and
family
Stressed a hard work
ethic and education
Why did some Puritans leave
Massachusetts Bay Colony?
• Puritans did not allow
•
•
others with different
beliefs to practice their
views.
Roger Williams- was
supportive of American
Indians and founded
Rhode Island for
religious freedom.
Anne Hutchinsonargued that one could
study the Bible on their
own without a minister.
Moved to RI.
Why did some Puritans leave
Massachusetts Bay Colony?
• Puritans did not allow
•
•
others with different
beliefs to practice their
views.
Roger Williams- was
supportive of American
Indians and founded
Rhode Island for
religious freedom.
Anne Hutchinsonargued that one could
study the Bible on their
own without a minister.
Moved to RI.
How did Puritans treat
American Indians?
• At first, Puritans were
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friendly with American
Indians.
Tensions grew as
Puritans tried to
convert Indians.
Pequot War (1637)- In
Connecticut Pequots were
destroyed by settlers.
King Philip’s War
(1675)- English defeated
Metacom.
What were the New England
colonies known for?
• Founded for religious
•
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•
reasons
Mayflower Compact
Fishing, shipbuilding,
commerce
Emphasis on
education
Who were Roger Williams
and Anne Hutchinson?
• Roger Williams-
•
founded Rhode Island
for religious freedom.
Anne Hutchinsonbanished from Mass.
Bay for saying people
can interpret Bible for
themselves.
Who settled in New
Netherland?
• Founded by the Dutch
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in 1621.
Present day Albany
and New York City
Diverse colony
Who were the Quakers?
• Founded Pennsylvania
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(William Penn)
Friendly towards
American Indians
Biggest city was
Philadelphia
Diverse colony
What were the Middle
Colonies for?
• Diverse racial, ethnic,
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and religious groups
Centers of trade
Biggest cities: New
York and Philadelphia