Outline of Chapter 3!
Settling the Northern Colonies
1619-1700
By Allen Kim
And
Paul No
Protestant Reformation
• The German friar Martin Luther started religious reforms called the
Protestant Reformation during the early 1500s.
• King Henry VIII of England breaks ties with the Roman Catholic
church-1530s- and makes himself the head of the English church
(Anglican church).
• “Puritans” want to completely wipe away all Catholic rituals and
beliefs from the church of England.
Puritans and the Massachusetts Bay Company
• Agreed to admit only “visible saints” to church membership
• In 1629, the non-separatist Puritans approved the royal charter to
form the Massachusetts Bay Company.
• The Great Migration (1630-1642)- about 14,000 English people
immigrated to the Bay colony.
• Only Puritans-”visible saints”- were allowed to vote.
• Dissenters were banished from the colony; Anne Hutchinson and
Roger Williams were few of them.
• Governor Winthrop declared that the Mass. Bay colony would be “a
city upon a hill” for they believed that they had a covenant with God
to create a holy society; a paragon of all.
Separatists and the Plymouth Colony
• Negotiated with the Virginia Company in order to step into the New
World.
• The Mayflower Compact(1620)-majority rule policy.
• William Bradford- He was chosen to be the governor of the
Plymouth colony from 1621-1657. He feared that non-puritan
settlers would interrupt his “godly experiment” in making a pure
society.
Puritans Versus Indians
• An epidemic swept across the
Indian lands; it killed ¾ of the
Indians.
• As the new English settlers
pushed the Indians more
inland, hostility grew.
• The Wampanoag Indians led
by their chieftain, Metacom, or
King Philip, destroyed and
attacked many English
frontiers and towns.
• The English defeated and
killed King Philip. No Indians
seriously threatened the New
England colonies again.
• Governor Winthrop formed the
New England Confederation in
1643 for defense against
potential foes such as the
Indians and the French.
New Netherland-New Amsterdam-New York City
• New Netherland was established by the Dutch West India Company.
It was bought from the Indians, giving pennies per acre of 22,000
acres.
• New Amsterdam was surrendered to the Duke of York.
• New York was an excellent trading place strategically located in the
opening of Hudson River and two mainland colonies.
Pennsylvania
• Quakers-group of dissenters who hated warfare, military servitude,
and did not make oaths.
• William Penn-1681- secured a huge grant of land to be an asylum
for the Quakers.
• Freedom of religion, race, and opinion. Also existed civil liberty and
economic opportunity.
• Good relationships with the Native Americans.
• Various ethnic groups-Dutch, Swedes, English, Welsh.
• Other Quaker colonies- New Jersey, Delaware.
The Middle Colonies
• Fertile land. The middle colonies were called “bread colonies” for
producing fine grain.
• Rivers supported with transportation and plantations.
• Industries- lumber, shipbuilding, grain, seaports.
• The most ethnically mixed than the other settlements.
• Religious tolerance and democracy.