POPULATIONS
AND
ECOSYSTEMS
ECOSYSTEM
• Any
group of living and nonliving things
interacting with each other.
2 types:
 Terrestrial
Ecosystemland based
 Aquatic
Ecosystemwater based
TERRESTRIAL (LAND)
•
Grassland- big open
spaces with only a few
bushes and trees found
by rivers and streams. Soil
is fertile, so crops grow
well.
•
Deserts- land of extreme
heat and dryness.
•
Forests- Tall trees/wooded
areas
AQUATIC (WATER)
•
Ponds- body of water shallow
enough to allow plant roots to
reach the bottom.
•
Lakes- too deep to support
plant root except near the
shore. Water temperature is
different between the bottom
layer and upper layer of the
water.
•
Oceans- covers 3/4ths of the
Earth’s surface
ESTUARIES
•
Enclosed body of water where fresh water and
salt water meet and mix.
SALT MARSHES
•
Barrier where the land meets the sea, such as
barrier islands or coastal areas.
CONTINENTAL SHELF
•
Where most life lives.
•
Land under the
ocean that gently
slopes to a point
which there is a steep
drop off.
•
Shoreline/coastlineEdge of a body of
water.
PLANKTON
•
microscopic
organisms that drift
on the oceans'
currents and are the
beginning of the food
chain for most of the
planet. Found close
to the surface
because they need
the sun’s energy.
BIOMES
Similar ecosystems throughout the world
grouped together based on climate
factors.
• Tundra
• Taiga
• Deciduous
• Tropical
forest
rainforest
DECIDUOUS FORESTS
•
Area of high
amounts of
trees that
change with
the seasons.
RAIN FOREST
•
Near the
equator and
receives rain all
year long.
Covers only 6%
of Earth’s land,
but produces
40% of Earth’s
oxygen.
TUNDRA
•
Located at the
top of the world
near the North
Pole. Permafrost,
permanent frozen
layer of ground
that briefly thaws
during the short
summer.
TAIGA
•
Below (South of) the
Tundra contains thick
evergreen forests.
Temperatures are below
freezing in winter and
summers are short,
warm/humid, and rainy.
Most animals in this area
are predators.
TRANSFER OF ENERGY
•
Producers- plants, bacteria, and alga, which
use photosynthesis
•
Consumers- animals that rely on other
organisms for food.
•
Decomposers- organisms that break down
dead organic matter. Creates materials that
are used by producers.
CONSUMERS
•
Primary(herbivores)plant eaters.
•
Secondary(carnivor
es)- flesh eaters.
•
Tertiary (omnivores)eat both plants and
animals
SYMBIOSIS
•
Relationship in which two species live closely
together and depend on each other.
FOOD CHAIN
•
Steps energy is passed from producer to
consumer.
FOOD WEB
• Shows
the
relationship
between
many
organisms.
ENERGY PYRAMID
•
Ratio of an ecosystem
between producers,
consumers, and
decomposers. Largest
amount of energy
comes from the sun.
https://www.brainpop.com/sci
ence/energy/energypyramid/
preview.weml
CARRYING CAPACITY
•
Number of individuals in a population that the
resources of a habitat can support. (Balance)
•
Example
FERTILE
• Capable
life.
of supporting a large population of
FAUNA
•
Animal life of a
particular
region, period,
or special
environment.