POPULATIONS
AND
ECOSYSTEMS
ECOSYSTEM
• Any
group of living and nonliving things
interacting with each other.
2 types:
§Terrestrial
Ecosystemland based
§Aquatic
Ecosystemwater based
TERRESTRIAL (LAND)
•
Grassland- big open
spaces with only a few
bushes and trees found
by rivers and streams. Soil
is fertile, so crops grow
well.
•
Deserts- land of extreme
heat and dryness.
•
Forests- Tall trees/wooded
areas
AQUATIC (WATER)
•
Ponds- body of water shallow
enough to allow plant roots to
reach the bottom.
•
Lakes- too deep to support
plant root except near the
shore. Water temperature is
different between the bottom
layer and upper layer of the
water.
•
Oceans- covers 3/4ths of the
Earth’s surface
ESTUARIES
•
Enclosed body of water where fresh water and
salt water meet and mix.
SALT MARSHES
•
Barrier where the land meets the sea, such as
barrier islands or coastal areas.
BIOMES
Similar ecosystems throughout the world
grouped together based on climate
factors.
• Tundra
• Taiga
• Deciduous
• Tropical
forest
rainforest
DECIDUOUS FORESTS
•
Area of high
amounts of
trees that
change with
the seasons.
RAIN FOREST
•
Near the
equator and
receives rain all
year long.
Covers only 6%
of Earth’s land,
but produces
40% of Earth’s
oxygen.
TUNDRA
•
Located at the
top of the world
near the North
Pole. Permafrost,
permanent frozen
layer of ground
that briefly thaws
during the short
summer.
TAIGA
•
Below (South of) the
Tundra contains thick
evergreen forests.
Temperatures are below
freezing in winter and
summers are short,
warm/humid, and rainy.
Most animals in this area
are predators.
TRANSFER OF ENERGY
•
Producers- plants, bacteria, and alga, which
use photosynthesis
•
Consumers- animals that rely on other
organisms for food.
•
Decomposers- organisms that break down
dead organic matter. Creates materials that
are used by producers.
CONSUMERS
•
Primary(herbivores)plant eaters.
•
Secondary(carnivor
es)- flesh eaters.
•
Tertiary (omnivores)eat both plants and
animals
SYMBIOSIS
•
Relationship in which two species live closely
together and depend on each other.
FOOD CHAIN
•
Steps energy is passed from producer to
consumer.
FOOD WEB
• Shows
the
relationship
between
many
organisms.
ENERGY PYRAMID
•
Ratio of an ecosystem
between producers,
consumers, and
decomposers. Largest
amount of energy
comes from the sun.
https://www.brainpop.com/sci
ence/energy/energypyramid/
preview.weml
CARRYING CAPACITY
•
Number of individuals in a population that the
resources of a habitat can support. (Balance)
•
Example
FERTILE
• Capable
life.
of supporting a large population of
FAUNA
•
Animal life of a
particular
region, period,
or special
environment.