Name :
Put a
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the box
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answer
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US History to 1877 Review checklist Part One
Cover the right column with a piece of paper or your hand. Answer
the question and check your answer. Each time you answer
correctly, put a check in the little box. By test time, you'll want a
check in each of the boxes.
Cover these answers!
1. How many continents are there?
Seven
2. The land mass that includes both Europe and Asia is called:
Eurasia
3. Name the eight geographic regions of North America.
Coastal Plain,
Appalachian Mountains,
Canadian Shield, Interior
Lowlands, Great Plains,
Rocky Mountains, Basin
and Range, and Coastal
Range.
4. Name the geographic region described:
• Located along the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico
• Broad lowland providing many excellent harbors
Coastal Plain
5. Name the geographic region described:
• Located west of Coastal Plain extending from eastern Canada to
western Alabama
• Old, eroded mountains (oldest mountain range in North America)
Appalachian Mountains
6. Name the geographic region described:
• Wrapped around Hudson Bay in a horseshoe shape
• Hills worn by erosion and hundreds of lakes carved by glaciers
• Holds some of the oldest rock formations in North America
Canadian Shield
7.Name the geographic region described:
• Located west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Great
Plains
• Rolling flatlands with many rivers, broad river valleys, and grassy
hills
Interior Lowlands
8. Name the geographic region described:
• Located west of Interior Lowlands and east of the Rocky
Mountains
• Flat land that gradually increases in elevation westward;
grasslands
Great Plains
9. Name the geographic region described:
• Located west of the Great Plains and east of the Basin and Range
• Rugged mountains stretching from Alaska to Mexico; high
elevations
• Contains the Continental Divide, which determines the directional
flow of rivers
Rocky Mountains
10. Name the geographic region described:
• Located west of Rocky Mountains and east of the Sierra Nevada's
and the Cascades
• some small mountain ranges and Death Valley, the lowest point in
North America
Basin and Range
11. Name the geographic region described:
• Rugged mountains along the Pacific Coast that stretch from
California to Canada
• Fertile valleys
Coastal Range
12.This ocean served as the highway for explorers, early settlers,
and later
immigrants.
The Atlantic Ocean
13. This river was the gateway to the west.
The Ohio River
14. Inland port cities grew in the Midwest along these lakes.
The Great Lakes
15. These rivers were the transportation arteries for farm and
industrial products. They were links to ports and other parts of the
world.
The Mississippi and
Missouri Rivers
16. This river was explored by Lewis and Clark.
The Columbia River
17. This river was explored by the Spanish.
The Colorado River
18. This river forms the border with Mexico.
The Rio Grande
19. This body of water provided the French and Spanish with
exploration routes to Mexico and other parts of America
The Gulf of Mexico
20. These American
Indians lived in present-day
Alaska and northern
Canada. They lived in
Arctic areas where the
temperature is below
freezing much of the year.
Inuit
21. These Indians lived in the Pacific Northwest coast, where the
climate was rainy and mild.
Kwakiutl
22. These Indians lived on the Great Plains. This region, which is
covered by dry grasslands, is in the interior part of the United
States.
Sioux
23. These Indians lived in the Southwest in present-day New
Mexico and Arizona, where they lived in desert areas and areas
bordering cliffs and mountains
Pueblo
24. These Indians lived in the heavily forested Eastern Woodland in
the Northeast.
Iroquois
25. What factors greatly affected the way each of the American
Indian groups lived, found food, and built shelters?
Geography and climate
26. What did Iroquois Indians of the Eastern Woodland use to build
their homes?
Wood from the forests.
27. Which Indian group lived in teepees made from buffalo skin?
Sioux
28. Why did European countries compete for power in North
America?
Reasons for exploration
• Economic—Gold, natural
resources, and trade
• Religious—Spread of
Christianity
• Competitions for empire
and belief in superiority of
own culture
29. What were the obstacles faced by the explorers?
• Poor maps and
navigational tools
• Disease/starvation
• Fear of unknown
• Lack of supplies
30. What were the accomplishments of the
• Exchanged goods and
ideas
• Improved navigational
tools and ships
• Claimed territories
explorations?
31. What regions of North America were explored and settled by
France?
-Samuel de Champlain
established the French
settlement of Quebec.
-Robert La Salle claimed
the Mississippi River
Valley
32. What regions of North America were explored and settled by
Spain?
Francisco Coronado
claimed southwest United
States for Spain.
33. What regions of North America were explored and settled by
England?
One of the first explorers
sent by England was John
Cabot. He explored
eastern Canada. Later,
various groups from
England settled the 13
colonies.
34. Who claimed the Mississippi River Valley for France?
Robert La Salle
35. Who explored eastern Canada for England?
John Cabot
36. Who established the French settlement of Quebec (Canada)?
Samuel de Champlain
37. Who claimed land in the southwest for Spain?
Francisco Coronado
38. What regions of the world were explored by Portugal?
The Portuguese explored
and traded in West Africa.
39. How did the American Indians and the Spanish interact with
each other?
The Spanish
– Conquered and
enslaved American
Indians
– Brought Christianity to
the New World
– Brought European
diseases
40. How did the American Indians and the French interact with each
other?
The French
– Established trading
posts
– Spread Christian religion
(the French did not
enslave Indians or take
their land)
The English
– Established settlements
and claimed ownership of
41. How did the American Indians and the English interact with each land
other?
– Learned farming
techniques from American
Indians
– Traded
42. In what areas did the Europeans and Indians sometimes
cooperate?
• Sharing of technologies
like weapons and farm
tools
• Trade
• English learned farming
techniques and learned
about new crops.
43. What were some of the areas of conflict between the American
Indians and the Europeans?
Areas of conflict
• Land, Land, Land
• Competition for trade
• Differences in cultures
• Disease
• Language difference
44.Name the three West African societies that became powerful by
controlling trade in West Africa.
Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
45. Where were the empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were
located?
West Africa
46. The _______ carried goods from Europe to West African
empires.
Portuguese
47. What goods did the Portuguese trade with the West African
empires?
The Portuguese traded
metals, cloth, and other
manufactured goods for
West African gold.
48. Colonies in North America were established for ______ and
______ reasons
religious and economic
49. Roanoke Island (Lost Colony) was established as an ______
venture (for money and profit).
economic
50. Jamestown was an _______ venture by the Virginia Company
of London (for profit).
economic
51. Plymouth colony was settled by Pilgrim separatists from the
Church of England who wanted to avoid ____________.
religious persecution
52. Massachusetts Bay Colony was settled by _____ who wanted to
avoid religious persecution.
Puritans
53. Pennsylvania was settled by the ____________, who wanted to
have freedom to practice their faith without interference.
Quakers
54. Georgia was settled by people who had been in _______ in
England. They wanted a new life and ______ freedom in the New
World.
debtor’s prison; economic
55. Which colony was the first permanent English settlement in
North America?
Jamestown (1607)
56. Which colony was the "lost colony"?
Roanoke Island
57. Where did the Quakers settle?
Pennsylvania
58. Name three colonies that were settled for economic reasons?
Roanoke Island,
Jamestown, and Georgia
59. Name three colonies that were settled for religious reasons.
Massachusetts Bay,
Plymouth, and
Pennsylvania
60. Name the four New England colonies.
New Hampshire,
Massachusetts, Rhode
Island, Connecticut
61. Name the four Mid-Atlantic colonies
New Jersey, Delaware,
Pennsylvania, New York
62. Name the five Southern colonies
Virginia, Maryland, North
Carolina, South Carolina,
and Georgia
63. Which group of colonies is described below?
Excellent harbors made trade the chief source of income. Fishing,
shipbuilding, naval supplies and lumber were also important.
New England colonies
64. Which group of colonies is described below?
These colonies had a diverse population, including Quakers, ScotsIrish, Germans, Dutch, Swedes, and immigrants from many other
European countries.
Mid- Atlantic colonies
65. Which group of colonies is described below?
A warm climate, long growing season and fertile lands produced rich The Southern colonies
crops of cotton, tobacco, rice and indigo.
66. Which group of colonies is described below?
Colonists lived in or around villages and towns. Citizens met in town
meetings to discuss the important issues of the day.
New England colonies
67. Which group of colonies is described below?
Few cities, few schools. Social life centered around the plantations.
Southern colonies
68. Which group of colonies is described below?
A mix of thriving cities, and successful farms. Philadelphia was one
of the most important cities in colonial America. Shopping was done
in market towns.
Mid- Atlantic colonies
69. Which group of colonies is described below?
Most of the early settlers lived in towns and villages around the
excellent harbors. Many carried on some kind of trade or business.
New England colonies
70. Which group of colonies is described below?
Small farms surrounded the towns and villages, but the rocky, thin
soil made it difficult to make a living from farming.
New England colonies
71. Which group of colonies is described below?
Mostly rural (farming). A mix of large plantations supported by slave
labor and smaller farms.
Southern colonies
72. Which group of colonies is described below?
Society here was more tolerant than elsewhere and accepted a mix
of people, languages, religions and cultures.
Mid-Atlantic colonies
73. Which group of colonies is described below?
These colonies grew wealthy from exports of tobacco, rice and
indigo (a blue dye used in coloring fabrics)
Southern colonies
74. These people worked as craftsmen in towns and on plantations.
Artisans
75. These people worked as caretakers, house-workers,
homemakers. They could not vote and had few chances for an
education.
Women
76. These people were men and women who did not have money
for passage to the colonies and who agreed to work without pay for
the person who paid for their passage. They were free at the end of
their contract.
Indentured servants
77. These people were captured in their native Africa and sold to
slave traders, then were shipped to the colonies where they were
sold.
Slaves
78. Slaves were owned as _______ for life. They had no ______.
property;
rights
79. How did England impose economic control over the colonies?
• England imposed strict
control over trade.
• England taxed the
colonies after the French
and Indian War.
• Colonies traded raw
materials for goods.
80. How did England impose political control over the colonies?
• Colonists had to obey
English laws that were
enforced by governors.
• Colonial governors were
appointed by the king or
by the proprietor.
• Colonial legislatures
made laws for each colony
and were monitored by
colonial governors
81. Why did England impose taxes such as the Stamp Act after the
French and Indian War?
To raise revenue to pay
the cost of the French and
Indian War.
· To help with the
maintaining of English
troops in the colonies
82. Who enforced English laws in the colonies?
The colonial governors,
who were generally
appointed by the English
King or proprietor
83. Were colonial legislatures (law-making bodies) free to make
laws for the colonies?
No, colonial legislatures
were monitored by the
colonial governors who
were appointed by
England
84. Why did colonists feel that taxes like the Stamp Act were unfair?
Because colonies had no
representation in
Parliament.
85. Why were the colonists becoming increasingly unhappy with
England?
1. Colonies had no
representation in
Parliament.
2. Some colonists
resented power of colonial
governors.
3. England wanted strict
control over colonial
legislatures.
4. Colonies opposed
taxes.
5. The Proclamation of
l763 hindered the western
movement of settlers
86. Why did the Proclamation of l763 anger the colonists?
It did not permit them to
move west of the
Appalachian Mountains in
search of better farmland
and new opportunities.
87. Why did England impose the Proclamation of 1763?
England did not want to
spend money protecting
and defending settlers as
they moved west onto new
lands.
88. Why did England want to increase control over the colonies?
• England desired to
remain a world power.
• England needed to raise
money to pay the cost of
the French and Indian War
and felt it was necessary
to impose taxes such as
the Stamp Act
89. As England expanded control over the American colonies, many
colonists became:
dissatisfied and rebellious
90. This English philosopher's ideas about government helped
shape the thinking of revolutionary leaders.
John Locke
91. What were some of John Locke's ideas?
· People have natural
rights to life, liberty, and
property.
· Government is created to
protect the rights of people
and has only the limited
and specific powers the
people consent to give it.
92. John Locke's ideas about government were expressed in the:
Declaration of
Independence
93. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
94. What ideas about government were expressed in the
Declaration of Independence?
• People have “certain
unalienable rights” (rights
that cannot be taken
away)—life, liberty, pursuit
of happiness.
• People establish
government to protect
those rights.
• Government derives
power from the people.
• People have a right and
a duty to change a
government that violates
their rights.
95. What are unalienable rights?
Rights that cannot be
taken away (life, liberty
and the pursuit of
happiness).
96. Jefferson wrote in the Declaration of Independence that the right
to "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness" are:
unalienable rights - in
other words rights that
cannot be taken away
from people
97. An important idea in the Declaration of Independence is that
people establish governments to:
protect their rights
98. Jefferson wrote in the Declaration of Independence that
government derives (gets) power from:
the people
99. Jefferson wrote in the Declaration of Independence that if the
government violates the rights of the people, then people have a
right and a duty to:
change the government
100. Who was the British king during the Revolutionary era?
King George III
101. Who was the British general who surrendered at Yorktown?
Lord Cornwallis
102. Who was the Commander of the Continental Army?
George Washington
103. Who was an outspoken member of the House of Burgesses
who inspired colonial patriotism with his “Give me liberty or give me
death” speech?
Patrick Henry
104. Who was a journalist, and the author of Common Sense?
Thomas Paine
105. Who was a prominent member of Continental Congress who
helped frame the Declaration of Independence?
Benjamin Franklin
106. Who was a former slave who wrote poems and plays
supporting American independence?
Phyllis Wheatley
107. Who was a patriot who made a daring ride to warn colonists of
British arrival, crying, “The British are coming!”?
Paul Revere
108. During the ___________, colonists in Boston were shot after
taunting British soldiers.
Boston Massacre
109. Why did Samuel Adams and Paul Revere lead patriots in
throwing tea into Boston Harbor during the Boston Tea Party?
to protest tea taxes
110. Delegates from all colonies met to discuss problems with
England and to promote independence. This meeting was called
the:
First Continental Congress
111. The first battle of the Revolutionary War was the:
Battle of Lexington and
Concord
112. Colonies signed the of the Declaration of Independence and
declared independence from England on:
July 4, 1776
113. This American victory was the turning point in the
Revolutionary War.
the Battle of Saratoga
114. This was the colonial victory over forces of Lord Cornwallis that
marked the end of the Revolutionary War.
Surrender at Yorktown
115. England recognized American independence in this treaty.
The Treaty of Paris
116. What advantages helped the American colonists win the
Revolutionary War?
• Colonists’ defense of
their own land, principles,
and beliefs
• Support from France and
Spain
• Strong leadership
117. A constitution written during the Revolution to establish the
powers of the new national government was called:
The Articles of
Confederation
118. What were the basic weaknesses of the Articles of
Confederation?
119. What kind of system of government did the Constitution
establish?.
• Provided for a weak
national government
• Gave Congress no
power to tax or regulate
commerce among the
states
• Provided for no common
currency
• Gave each state one
vote regardless of size
• Provided for no executive
or judicial branch
A federal system of
government
110. What is a federal system of government?
A system that divides
powers between the
national government and
the governments of the
states
111. What are some of the basic principals of our government?
Separation of powers
Checks and balances
112. The structure of the new national government was based on
James Madison’s ___ ___ which called for three separate branches
of government.
Virginia Plan
113. What are the three separate branches of government?
– Legislative Branch
– Judicial Branch
– Executive Branch
114. What is the job of the Legislative Branch?
to make laws
115. What is the job of the Executive Branch?
to carry out laws
116. What is the job of the Judicial Branch?
to determine if laws are
constitutional
117. The legislative branch of the federal government is:
Congress
118.Congress is a two-house legislature consisting of:
the Senate and the House
of Representatives
119. All states are represented equally in the:
Senate
120. How many Senators are there per state in the Senate?
2
121. In the House of Representatives, the number of each state's
representatives is based on:
the state's population
122. Which branch of government is the Supreme Court part of?
The Judicial Branch
123. The head of the Executive Branch is:
The President
124. What is the branch of government that determines if laws made
The Judicial Branch
by Congress are constitutional and if laws are being broken?
125. Which branch of government carries out laws?
The Executive Branch
126. The structure of the new national government was based on
James Madison’s “Virginia Plan.” What idea did the Virginia Plan
contribute?
The idea of 3 separate
branches of government.
127. Who wrote the Virginia Plan?
James Madison
128. Another principal of our new government was:
checks and balances
129. What are "checks and balances"?
• Each branch of
government can check the
power of the other.
• These checks keep any
one branch from gaining
too much power.
130. The first ten amendments to the Constitution is the:
Bill of Rights
131. Who was the author of the Bill of Rights?
James Madison
132. What does the Bill of Rights do?
It provides a written
guarantee of individual
rights
133. What are some of the individual rights guaranteed in the Bill of
Rights?
freedom of speech,
freedom of the press,
freedom of religion
134. The disagreement between these two men on the role of the
national government resulted in the creation of two political parties.
Alexander Hamilton and
Thomas Jefferson
135. Alexander Hamilton became the leader of the:
Federalist Party
136. Thomas Jefferson became leader of this party.
Democratic Republicans
137. Which party?
– Favored strong national government
– Favored limits on states’ powers
– Favored development of industry on a national scale
– Favored a national bank
The Federalist Party (led
by Hamilton)
138. Which party?
– Favored a weak national government
– Supported states’ powers
– Favored small business and farmers
– Opposed a national bank
The Democratic
Republican Party (led by
Jefferson)
139. Which party wanted a weak national government and more
power with the states?
The Democratic
Republicans
140. Which party favored big business and industry, rather than
small business and farmers?
The Federalist Party
141. Which party opposed a national bank?
The Democratic
Republicans
142. Who were the first five presidents?
George Washington, John
Adams, Thomas
Jefferson, James
Madison, John Monroe
143. All of the first five presidents were Virginians except:
John Adams
144. What were some of George Washington's accomplishments?
• Federal court system
was established.
• Political parties grew out
of the disagreements
between Hamilton and
Jefferson over the proper
role of the national
government.
• The Bill of Rights was
added to the Constitution.
• Plans were initiated for
development of the
national capital in
Washington, D.C.
145. Who was an African American astronomer and surveyor that
helped complete the design for Washington, D.C.?
Benjamin Banneker,
146. A two-party system emerged during the presidency of:
John Adams
147. What were some of the accomplishments of Jefferson's
presidency?
• He bought Louisiana
from France (Louisiana
Purchase).
• Lewis and Clark explored
this new land west of the
Mississippi River
148. During whose presidency, did the War of l812 caused
European nations to gain respect for the United States?
James Madison
149. One of Monroe's accomplishments was the:
Monroe Doctrine
150. What does the Monroe Doctrine do?
It warns European nations
not to interfere in the
Western Hemisphere
151. 1801 and 1861 was a period of:
vast territorial expansion
and settlement.
152.
What
new
territorie
s were
added to
the
United
States
between
1801
and
1861?
Louisiana Purchase
Florida
Texas
Oregon
California
153. The land Jefferson bought from France _____ the size of the
United States.
doubled
154. Where did Lewis and Clark explore?
The Louisiana Purchase
from the Mississippi River
to the Pacific Ocean
155. Spain gave _______ to the United States through a treaty.
Florida
156. This state was added after it became an independent republic.
Texas
157. The _______ Territory was divided by the United States and
Great Britain.
Oregon
158.War with Mexico resulted in _______ and the southwest
territory becoming part of the United States.
California
159. Westward migration was influenced by:
geography and economic
opportunity
160. What factors influenced westward migration?
• Population growth in the
eastern states
• Availability of cheap,
fertile land
• Economic opportunity,
e.g., gold (California Gold
Rush), logging, farming,
freedom (for runaway
slaves)
• Cheaper and faster
transportation, e.g., rivers
and canals (Erie Canal),
steamboats
• Knowledge of overland
trails (Oregon and Santa
Fe)
• Belief in the right of
“Manifest Destiny”—The
idea that expansion was
for the good of the country
and was the right of the
country
161. The idea that expansion was for the good of the country and
was the right of the country is:
Manifest Destiny
162. Prior to the Civil War, most industrialization in America was in
the North; however:
the equipment produced in
the North had an impact
on the farming society in
the South.
163. Name 4 inventions that affected the lives of Americans?
Cotton gin, reaper,
steamboat, steam
locomotive
164. What was the result of the invention of the cotton gin?
It increased the production
of cotton and thus
increased the need for
slave labor to cultivate and
pick the cotton.
165. Who invented the cotton gin"?
Eli Whitney
166. What was the result of the invention of the reaper?
The reaper increased the
productivity of the
American farmer.
167. Who invented the reaper?
Jo Anderson (a slave) and
Cyrus McCormick
168. What was the result of the invention of the steamboat?
It provided faster river
transportation that
connected Southern
plantations and farms to
Northern industries
169. Who invented the steamboat?
Robert Fulton
170. What was the result of the invention of the steam locomotive?
The steam locomotive
provided faster land
transportation.
171. People working to end slavery were called:
abolitionists
172. The suffrage movement helped women gain:
equal rights.
173. What did abolitionists demand?
Freeing of the slaves.
174. What did abolitionists believe about slavery?
Abolitionists believed that
slavery was wrong.
– Morally wrong
– Cruel and inhumane
– A violation of the
principles of democracy
175. Name 3 abolitionist leaders.
– Harriet Tubman
– William Lloyd Garrison
– Frederick Douglass
176. What were the main ideas expressed during the suffrage
movement?
Supporters believed that
women were deprived of
basic rights.
– Denied the right to vote
– Denied educational
opportunities, especially
higher education
– Denied equal
opportunities in business
– Limited in rights to own
property
177. Name 3 leaders of the suffrage movement.
– Isabel Sojourner Truth
– Susan B. Anthony
– Elizabeth Cady Stanton
178. The North and South disagreed over many things, but the
biggest issue dividing the nation and leading to the Civil War was:
slavery
179. The North was mainly an _____ society in which people held
jobs.
urban
180. The South was primarily an __________ society in which
people lived in small villages and on farms and plantations.
agricultural
181. What are tariffs?
Taxes on imported goods
182. Who wanted tariffs, the North or the South?
The North
183. Why did the North want tariffs on imported goods?
To protect factory owners
and workers from foreign
competition
184. Why did the South oppose tariffs?
Tariffs would cause prices
of goods to increase.
185. Another major conflict between the North and South was the
issue of states’ rights vs. _____.
strong central government
186. Name 4 issues that divided the North and the South?
1. slavery;
2. tariffs;
3. cultural differences
(urban society vs.
agricultural society);
4. states' rights vs. strong
central government
187. The North believed that the nation was a union and:
could not be divided.
188. Southerners believed that they had the power to declare any
national law _______.
illegal
189. Northerners believed that the national government’s power
was:
supreme over that of the
states
190. Southerners felt that the abolition of slavery would destroy their
region's:
agricultural economy
191. Northerners believed that slavery should be abolished because
it was:
morally wrong.
192. Name 3 compromises that attempted to resolve differences
over slavery in new states joining the Union.
Missouri Compromise
(1820);
Compromise of l850;
Kansas-Nebraska Act
193. What was the result of the Missouri Compromise (1820)?
Missouri entered the
Union as a slave state;
Maine, as a free state.
194. What was the result of the Compromise of l850?
California would be a free
state. The Southwest
territories would decide
about slavery themselves.
195. What was the result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
People in these territories
would decide the slavery
issue by popular vote
("popular sovereignty").
196. The purpose of the 3 compromises was :
to keep the number of
slave and free states
equal so neither side
would gain control of
Congress.
197. What happened after Lincoln became president?
The southern states
seceded from the Union
198. What event marked the beginning of the Civil War?
Confederate forces
attacked Fort Sumter, in
South Carolina
199. Lincoln and many Northerners believed that the United States
was one nation that could not be:
separated or divided
200. Most Southerners believed that states had freely created and
joined the union, and could therefore:
freely leave it
201. The states that seceded from the Union favored slavery
because they were:
dependent upon laborintensive cash crops
They seceded from the
Union
Alabama;
Arkansas; Florida; Georgia; Louisiana; Mississippi; North Carolina;
South Carolina; Tennessee; Texas; Virginia
202. What did these states do?
203. Which four slave states stayed in the Union?
Delaware
Kentucky
Maryland
Missouri
204. The four slave states that stayed in the Union were called:
Border states
205. Western counties of Virginia that refused to secede from the
Union formed:
the state of West Virginia
206. During the Civil war, Abraham Lincoln was:
President
207. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to:
free the slaves
208. Lincoln was determined to ________, by force if necessary.
preserve the Union
209. Lincoln believed the United States was one nation, not a:
collection of independent
states
210. Who wrote the Gettysburg Address?
Lincoln
211. In the Gettysburg Address, Lincoln said that said the Civil War
was being fought to preserve a government:
“of the people, by the
people, and for the
people.”
212. Who was president of the Confederate States of America?
Jefferson Davis
213. Who was general of the Union army that defeated Lee?
Ulysses S. Grant
214. Who was leader of the Army of Northern Virginia?
Robert E. Lee
215. Who was offered command of the Union forces at the
beginning of the war but chose not to fight against Virginia?
Robert E. Lee
216. At the end of the war, what did Lee urge Southerners to do?
Lee urged Southerners to
accept defeat and reunite
as Americans, even
though some Southerners
wanted to keep fighting.
Both wanted to preserve
the Union, but Lincoln was
217. How were Lincoln's and Lee's views about the Union the same, willing to do it by force,
and how did they differ?
and Lee did not think the
Union should be held
together by force.
218. Who was Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson?
A skilled Confederate
general from Virginia who
played a big role in the
First Battle of Bull Run.
219. Who was Frederick Douglass?
A former slave who
escaped to the North and
became an abolitionist
220. What event began the Civil War?
221. What was the first major battle of the Civil War?
The firing on Fort Sumter,
S.C.
The first Battle of
Manassas (Bull Run)
222. What was an important result of the signing of the
Emancipation Proclamation?
It made “freeing the
slaves” the new focus of
the war. Many freed
slaves joined the Union
army.
223. What was the result of the Battle of Vicksburg?
The North got control of
the Mississippi River. This
divided the South in two
parts.
224. What battle was considered the turning point of the war?
The Battle of Gettysburg,
where the North repelled
Lee’s invasion.
225. What happened at Appomattox Court House in 1865?
Lee’s surrender to Grant
ended the war
226. Describe life and conditions on the battlefield?
Extremely harsh; many
died from disease and
exposure.
227. What hardships were experienced during the Civil War?
· Families and friends
were often pitted against
one another.
· Disease was a major
killer.
· Combat was brutal and
often man-to-man.
228. What was women's role in the war?
Women were left to run
businesses in the North
and farms and plantations
in the South.
229. Who was the Civil War nurse, who created the American Red
Cross?
Clara Barton
230. What was the condition of the South at the end of the war?
Much of the South was
destroyed by the end of
the war. Richmond and
Atlanta had were burned
Confederate money was
worthless.
231. What was the role of African Americans in the Civil War?
They fought in both the
Confederate and Union
armies.
232. How were African American Soldiers treated?
• African American
soldiers were paid less
than white soldiers.
• African American
soldiers were
discriminated against and
served in segregated units
under the command of
white officers.
233. A brave and heroic African American sailor and later a Union
naval captain who became a Congressman after the Civil War was:
Robert Smalls
234. Which amendments were added to the Constitution after the
war to address the issues of slavery and guarantee equal protection
under the law for all citizens?
The 13th, 14th, and 15th
Amendments
235. Which amendment banned slavery?
The 13th Amendment
236. Which amendment granted citizenship to all persons born in
the United States and guaranteed them equal protection under the
law?
The 14th Amendment
237. Which amendment insured all citizens the right to vote
regardless of race or color or previous condition of servitude?
The 15th Amendment
238. What do the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments do?
They guarantee equal
protection under the law
for all citizens.
239. The period after the Civil War is called:
Reconstruction
240. What were some Reconstruction policies?
-Northern soldiers
supervised the South and
Southern military leaders
could not hold office.
-African Americans gained
equal rights and some
held public office.
241, What was the purpose of Civil Rights Act of 1866?
It gave equal rights to
African Americans
242. What were some of the problems created by Reconstruction
policies?
-The Reconstruction
policies were harsh and
created resentment.
-Southerners resented
northern “carpetbaggers"