The Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of
cells
• Cells only arise from pre-existing
cells.
• The cell is the basic unit of life.
Matthias Schleiden, Theodor
Schwann and Rudolph Virchow
• All three scientists contributed to Cell Theory
Robert Hooke
• English Naturalist
• Was the first to use
the term cell.
• Looked at cork
cells under the
compound
microscope.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
• Anton was a Dutch scientist who is
considered “the Father of microbiology.”
• The first scientist to see animalcules, or tiny
living things
Cells
The Cell Membrane
• Controls
movements into
and out of the cell
• Is semi-permeable,
or selectively
permeable.
• Helps maintain the
shape of the cell.
Cytoplasm
• gel-like material
which contains
materials
involved in cell
metabolism.
• Holds everything
in place
Chromosomes/DNA
• Contains code
that guides all
cell activities
• They are found in
the nucleus.
• Chromosomes
contain the genes
that determine an
organisms
characteristics.
The Nucleus and The Nucleolus
• THE BRAIN!
• Serves as the control center of the
cell and contains Deoxyribonucleic
Acid (DNA)
• Nucleolus- Contains RNA
• Nuclear membrane – Control what
goes in or out of the Nucleus.
• Animal, Plant and Eukaryotes have
these three organelles
• Prokaryotes do not have these…
Mitochondria
• Power House of The
Cell.
• Makes ATP/ Energy
• These organelles are
more plentiful in
active cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum
•Transports materials
throughout the cell.
•Makes lipids, breaks
down materials
•Rough ER contains
Ribosome's.
•Smooth ER has no
Ribosome's
Golgi Bodies
• Packages and
secretes the
proteins made by
the Ribosome's.
• Look like stacks
of pancakes.
Lysosomes
• Powerful
chemicals that
break things
down.
Vacuoles
• Plays a role in
intercellular
digestion
• Store water.
• Are much larger
in plant cells.
Prokaryote
• Have no formed
nucleus
• Are unicellular
• Are very disorganized.
• Have a cell wall,
cytoplasm, ribosomes,
bacteria have cell
membrane
• Bacteria are
prokaryotes
Eukaryote
• Have a Nucleus
• Have cell membrane bound
organelles
• Are very organized.
• Can be unicellular or multicellular.
• Have these other organelles;
nuclei, mitochondrion,
lysosome, golgi apparatus,
ribosomes
• PLANT AND ANIMAL
CELLS!!!
Plant Cells
• Have two main differences from animal
cells
• 1. Cell wall = a tough, usually flexible but
sometimes fairly rigid layer that surrounds a
cell
• 2. Chloroplasts = organelles found in plant
and other eukaryotic organisms that conduct
photosynthesis