Chapter 17
Today
• Reading Quiz
• Activity What do you know
• Lecture
• Simulation
• Exit
Changes
• New developing foundation in the west
• Rebuilding out of darkness and death
• A new way of life
• Including agriculture AND a strong
manufacturing and commercial sector
• Out of all of this comes new ideas
• Culture, Religion, Economics, Science, & Politics
st
1
set of Cultural
Changes
• AKA Renaissance
• Challenge to medieval intellectual
values and styles
• Rethink old truths in everything
• Not an attack on religion but rather a
de emphasis on religion
• Secularism
• Northern Renaissance
• Classical art and architecture
• Blending the lines of secular and
religious
Renaissance
• New emphasis on realism and humancentered themes
• Humanism
• Real human figures (not idealized)
• Real discussion of power
• Other changes:
• Printing press
• European-style family: nuclear family
• Urbanization
Renaissance
• With cultural changes came some political
changes
• More state power
• The lords still had great power at the time but
things are changing
• Patron-Client relationship
• Rich people sponsor and pay for the art being
created
People of the
Renaissance
• Erasmus
• Da Vinci
• Joan of Arc
• Machiavelli
Religious Changes
• AKA Reformation
• End of Christian Unity
• Martin Luther
• 95 thesis
• Grievances against the Catholic Church
• Selling of indulgences
• Believed only faith could gain salvation
• Challenged many beliefs including the authority of
the Pope
Reformation
• Starts to look Nationalistic
• Especially in Germany
where they question paying
taxes to the Pope
• Protestantism: religious
dissent
• Lutheran
• Anglican (Church of
England)
• Calvinism
• Predestination
People of the Reformation
• John Wycliffe
• Jan Huss
• Catharine of Sienna
• Martin Luther
• Girolama Savonarola
• Henry VIII
• Jean Calvin
Catholic Reformation
• In response to the Protestant
Reformation
• Revival of Catholic doctrine to
counter this surge in new
beliefs
• Validity of papal authority
• New Catholic order: Jesuits
• (Pope Francis is the first Jesuit
Pope)
• We will see them again as we
talk more about missionary
work
People of the Catholic
Reformation
• Pope Paul III
• Council of Trent
• Jesuits & Ignatius Loyola
Both Reformations
• Results of these changes in religion
• Battles of Religion
• France: Catholic vs Calvinism
• Edict of Nantes which granted some tolerance to
Protestants
• Germany: Protestants vs. Holy Roman Empire
• 30 years war
• Ended with the Treaty of Westphelia
• Britain: Protestants vs. Catholics
• Elizabeth vs. Mary
• English Civil War
Both Reformations
• Impact
• People less likely to see an intimate connection
between God and Nature
• People didn’t believe in Miracles as much
• People started emphasizing the nuclear family
and the love between husband and wife
Political Changes
• Sort of AKA Absolutism
• End of feudal monarchy: balance
between Kings and Nobles
• Monarchs gain new power
• France was the model
• Slowly the king took back power
• Britain is going to be somewhat
different
• English Civil War (Glorious
Revolution)
• Parliamentary Monarchy
Political Changes
• Absolute Monarchy
• Best Example: Louis XIV
• What made them
different:
•
•
•
•
•
Gave money to the arts
Set up education
Set tariffs (mercantilism)
State run manufacturing
Strong military
Louis XIV France
• Became king at the
age of 4 ½
• His mother was
regent over him
• Fell in love but married
for political gain to
Marie-Therese of
Austria who was the
daughter of the king
of Spain
Absolute Monarchs
Philip II of Spain
Peter the Great
of Russia
Absolute Monarchs
Frederick the
Great of Prussia
Charles I of
England
Absolute Monarchs
Maria Terasa of
Austria-Hungary
Political Changes
• Nation-State (VERY IMPORTANT)
• These Absolute rulers and Parliamentary
Monarchy ruled the people of common culture
and language
• This is very different from previous empires
• These commonalities brought about loyalty and
cultural/political bonds
• Beginning of Nationalism
Economic Changes
• AKA Commercial Revolution
• Develops out of:
• A growing manufacturing and
trans-Atlantic trade
• This means NEW STUFF to buy
• New colonial markets
stimulated manufacturing
• Developing of agricultural
specialty areas
• Increase in prosperity of
ordinary people
Commercial Revolution
• Money came pouring in: Good and Bad
• More money means the supply goes up
• This means the value goes down
• Inflation
• New Wealth = New Demands
• Government backed trading companies grow
in influence
Commercial Revolution
• Development of a new
group
• Proletariat: people
without access to wealthproducing property
• Rising food prices
especially hurt the poor
• These major shifts caused
popular protests
• This will continue to be an
issue
Scientific Changes
• AKA Scientific Revolution
• New Scientific institutions created
with government aid
• Research
• Access to the public
• People could control and calculate
their environment
• Doctors
• Science became central to
intellectual life
• Over religion
Scientific Revolution
People of the Scientific
Revolution
• Nicolas Copernicus
• Kepler
• Galileo
• Newton
• Galen
• Tycho Brahe
• William Harvey
nd
2
set of Cultural
Changes
• AKA Enlightenment
• France is the focal point of
the Enlightenment
• New development of more
Rational Thought
• Scientific Method
• Modern Social sciences
• Philosophy
• Political developments
Enlightenment
• New ideas of the time that we still use today
• Inalienable rights
• Life, liberty and Property
• Separation of Power
• Civic Duty
• Social Contract
• The government works for the people and if the
people don’t like it they have the right to change
it
People of the
Enlightenment
• John Locke
• Jean-Jacques
Rousseau
• Baron de
Montesquieu
• Francois Marie Arouet
“Voltaire”
• Thomas Hobbes
• Adam Smith