September 17th
• 5 minutes to review for your quiz!
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• NO WARM-UP!
• Write homework in agenda- Read pages 16-21, takes notes and
process
• Please BRING ME YOUR QUIZ UPON COMPLETION!
Agenda
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Essential Questions
Map Activity
Vocabulary Activity
Egypt and Sumer Notes
Pyramids Video
Hammurabi’s Code
Essential Questions
1. What are the four river valley civilizations?
2. What form of writing was used in Egypt?
3. What was the main difference between the
and Sumer?
4. What were two Sumerian inventions?
5. Why did Egyptians practice mummification
pyramids?
rulers of Egypt
and build
Warm-Up
• On a sheet of paper list and explain the 5
major features of a civilization
• Please take out your homework for Miss
Smith to check
River Valley Civilizations
Egypt and Sumer
Location/Geography
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Sumer
between Tigris and
Euphrates Rivers
plain area called
Mesopotamia
unpredictable floods
limited natural
resources
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Ancient Egypt
along great Nile River
called “Gift of the Nile”
cataracts = rapids
delta: broad, marshy
triangular area with
deposits of soil
Religion
• polytheistic: many gods,
about 3,000
• gods were all powerful and
immortal, humans
were servants
• souls of dead went to “land of
no return”
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kings were gods
pharaohs: god-kings
polytheistic: about 2,000
Ra = sun
Iris = ideal mother/wife
Osiris = chose afterlife
Writing
• Epic of Gilgamesh
• epic myth about unsuccessful
quest for immortality
• crude pictographs
• hieroglyphics (sacred carvings)
• wrote on dried papyrus
Government/Law
• city-states: each city and the
surrounding land it controlled
• ziggurats at the center,
where priests appealed to
gods for
well-being
• warriors had control of
armies
• dynasties: when rules were from
one family
• divided into Upper and
Lower Egypt
• Menes united in 3000
B.C.E.
• theocracy: ruler is a divine
figure
• pharaohs promoted truth and
justices
Science/Technology
• invented wheel, sail, and plow
• first to use bronze
• first system of
writing:
cuneiform
• arches, number
system
base 60,
geometry
• creation of pyramids from
limestone/granite
• Mummification (to preserve the
dead)
• written numbers
• medicine and surgery
Social Classes
• priests/kings were highest,
then merchants,
workers,
slaves
lowest
• women had some rights,
not education
• royal families were highest,
then government officials,
priest and commanders
• below them were the
merchants/artisans,
and
the unskilled laborers
• women equal to men
Intro to Out of Class Essays
Writing Skills and Essay #1
Categorization Strategies
• When comparing and
contrasting, consider using a
few of these categories to
help organize your essay and
provide a solid comparison.
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Political
Economic
Social
Cultural
Intellectual
Religious
Geographic
Example Outlines
• Egypt and Sumer are similar
politically, but more different
in social and cultural ways.
– Political similarities
– Social differences
– Cultural differences
• Egypt and Sumer are different
religiously, but more similar with
respect to their geography and
economy.
– Religious differences
– Geographic similarities
– Economic similarities
Essay Scoring Rubric
• Topic sentence – introduces the category or point; could
be directly from introduction paragraph
• Clincher sentence – sums up what you just said and is the
main point to take away from that paragraph
• Interpretive Commentary – analysis of your evidence and
claim
Essay Scoring Rubric
• Each item listed is 1 point for a total of 18 points.
• 2 more points will come from having your name and the
honor code initialed somewhere on your essay.
• Essays will typically be worth 40-50 points, this first one will
only be 20 points.