Bellringer: 4/20



1. Pick up the papers by the door.
2. Have your map out to be checked as a HW grade.
3. Answer the following review questions:
What two superpowers fought the Cold War?
 Explain why Stalin started the Berlin Blockade. Was it
successful?
 What two political ideologies were at odds during the Cold
War?
 What are satellite nations? Where were the USSR’s satellite
nations located?
 Why was the Berlin Wall constructed?
 How did countries in the West respond to the Berlin Blockade?

HOMEWORK: 4/20

1. Complete Vietnam War packet questions for a
HW grade. Due FRIDAY!
Cold War in Asia
3
Communist China
1949
4
Jiang Jieshi Becomes President
of Nationalist China, 1925
China Expands

1926
 Nationalists
begin the Northern
Expansion
 Chinese

Communists help
1927
 Chiang
Kai-Shek orders the slaughter of
Communist members and their
supporters
 1,000’s
killed
Communist Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary
(Mao Tse-tung)
Mao With His Children, 1930s
Mao Zedong

Believes support will be from the peasants and not
the working class (like the Soviet Union)
The Long March

6,000 miles
 100,000
followers
 8,000 survivors

Nationalists push communist in the jungle

Mao’s forces used guerilla tactics to fight back

Mao gained support of the peasants during the Long
March
Japanese Aggression, 1931 - 1945
Japan wants more…


Nationalists and Communists ‘join’ forces to fight
Japanese in 1937
Soviet Union, Great Britain, France & US sent aid to
China to fight off the Japanese
Victims of the Japanese bombing of Shanghai.
Japanese Soldiers March into Nanking
December 9, 1937
The Japanese Invasion, 1937
Remains of Chinese Children Bayoneted
by Japanese Soldiers
Japanese Bayonet Practice
DESPITE THE “GROUP” EFFORT
TO FIGHT THE JAPANESE…
AFTER THE WAR MAO
ZEDONG TOOK CONTROL
SENDING CHIANG KAI-SHEK
PACKING
China Falls to Communist


October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong
proclaimed the People’s Republic of
China.
Chiang Kai-shek and 600,000 troops
& 2,000,000 refugees, predominately
from the government and business
community, retreated from the
mainland to the island of Taiwan.
Great Leap Forward, 1958
► 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry
► Communes
 Groups of people who live and work together
 Property held in common
 Had production quotas
► Failed due to poor quality of products, poor
weather hurt agriculture
Communist China Under Mao
► Industrialized China
► Increased literacy
► Class privileges ended
► Rural Chinese received health care
► One-party dictatorship
Cold War in America
(1945-1960)

Was there reason to be
concerned? YES!

Soviet domination of Eastern
Europe

China turned Communist

1 billion people!
25
United States Involvement



Supports Chiang Kai-Shek

Refused to recognize
People’s Republic of China

Began to fix ties with PRC
to isolate USSR

1971 – PRC replaces
Taiwan in the UN
1972 – Richard Nixon
visits Mao
1979 – US sets up
formal diplomatic
relations in China
THE KOREAN WAR
1950-1953
Tensions


During the 1940’s, political tensions were building in
Korea
Japan had ruled Korea from 1910-1945, but had been
driven out by the United States and the Soviet Union.
The Korean War

At the end of WWII the allies resorted
to a short term solution for the
independence of Korea.

Korea would be divided at the 38th
parallel.
Divided Korea

North Korea was led by communist
leader Kim Il Sung (supported by USSR)

South Korea was led by Syngman
Rhee and called itself the Republic of
Korea (supported by US)
Korean War

June 25, 1950
 North
Korea invaded the South to bring about a unification (US
organizes UN forces

July 1950
 UN
forces (mostly US and S. Koreans) stop North Korea at the
Pusan Perimeter

September 15, 1950
 More
troops arrive and North Koreans surrender and UN/US
troops push up to nearly China
Korean War

November 1950
 Mao
sends troops to help North Korea and push the UN/US
back to the 38th Parallel

1950-1953
 Continued

fighting
1953
 Armistice
signed and the DMZ (demilitarized zone) is created
(North Korea just declared this Null and Void)
 No peace treaty was ever negotiated
North and South Korea
Map Break: Korea

Take a few minutes to complete the Korea map
using the book at your desks.
Space Race



On October 4, 1957 the
Soviet Union successfully
launched Sputnik I.
The world's first artificial
satellite was about the size
of a beach ball.
Orbited the earth in 98
minutes.
Race to control space was on!
36
The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961)
Checkpoint
Charlie
Map Break: Germany

Take a few minutes to complete the Germany map
using the book at your desks.
Vietnam War: 1965-1973
Vietnam – Who’s in Charge?




Age of Imperialism –
France
WWII – Japan
Post WWII - France (to
reestablish)
Vietnam sought to gain
independence
The Early War in Vietnam


Leader of
independence
movement =
Ho Chi Minh
He liked to use
the American
Revolutionary
war as a model
for
independence
The Viet Minh Fight France


Ho Chi Minh established the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
in 1945.
French were officially defeated in 1954 at Dienbienphu
Vietnam is divided


Geneva Conference
(1954) decided what
would become of Vietnam
It was decided at the
conference that Vietnam
would be divided at the
17th parallel

North Vietnam
 Ho
Chi Minh
 Communist

South Vietnam
 Ngo
Dinh Diem
 Non-Communist

1960’s
 Communist
guerilla
fighters in the jungle of
South Vietnam attacked
with the goal of
liberating Vietnam from
foreign domination

Aug 1, 1964
 S.
Vietnamese raided N.
Vietnamese islands in
Gulf of Tonkin

Aug 2, 1964
 N.
Vietnamese attack a US destroyer Maddox in the Gulf on
Tonkin which was mistakenly believed to help the S. Vietnamese
raid

Aug 7, 1964
 Gulf
of Tonkin Resolution
passed by Congress
authorizing President Johnson
to take all necessary measures
to prevent future aggression
The War in Vietnam



US began bombing North
Vietnamese targets
By the summer of 1968 over
500,000 American soldiers were
on the ground in Vietnam.
Americans began to see stories
nightly on ABC, NBC, and CBS
about the war
Vietnamization

Soon after taking office. President Richard Nixon
introduced his policy of "vietnamization".
 Encourage
the South Vietnamese to take more responsibility for
fighting the war.
The Negotiations


In October, 1972, American and North Vietnamese
negotiators came close to agreeing to end the war.
The plan

US troops would withdraw
cease-fire
return of 566 American prisoners held in Hanoi

North and South Vietnam would remain in power until new elections




Problem: While the US troops would leave the country, the
North Vietnamese troops could remain in their positions in
South Vietnam.
January 1973, Nixon signs the Paris Peace Accord
Map Break: Vietnam

Take a few minutes to complete the Vietnam map
using the book at your desks.
Legacies of Vietnam:



U.S. pulled out of Vietnam in 1973.
By 1975 Vietnam had been reunited under Communist
rule.
Cambodia and Laos also fell to communism in the early
1970’s (domino theory).
Bellringer: 4/22




1. Pick up the note sheet chart by the door.
2. Take until 9:05 to finish up your Vietnam War questions if
needed. You began it in class and were to complete it for HW.
3. Write down your HW:
 Study for your Cold War mini-test NEXT CLASS! (Tuesday, 4/26)
 Complete your study guide.
4. Update your Table of Contents (ToC):



148: Notes – Leaders of the Cold War World Chart
149: Cold War Unit Study Guide
5. Have out the note chart you picked up at the door AND the
note packet from last class so we can finish the section on Cuba.
Khruschev Embraces Castro,
1961
1950’s


Fidel Castro organizes an armed rebellion against a
corrupt dictator
1959
 Castro
is victorious
 Begins Cuban Revolution
 Nationalized
business
 Restricted Cubans’ freedoms
 Critics were jailed or silenced
 Hundreds of thousands fled to Florida
Bay of Pigs - 1961


JFK supported an invasion attempt by US trained Cuban
exiles to overthrow Castro
FAILURE!!! – Castro captured the invaders
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CkuwS9EFLo
OPTIONS

1. Invade Cuba

2. Airstrikes

3. Diplomacy

4. Blockade



FINAL DECISION: blockade
Kennedy goes on TV and tells the US people about
the blockade
“It shall be the policy of this nation to regard any
missile launched from Cuba as a direct attack.”
CUBAN MISSILES


U.S. SHIPS set up the
blockade
25 SOVIET SHIPS – 12 veer
off course suddenly

HOTLINE established for two powers to
communicate better.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3kAcJruE
Os
NOTES: Leaders of the Cold War World



1. Begin with one of the information packets for the
Cold War-era leaders. Fill in the corresponding
parts of the note chart.
2. Bring the packet and your note sheet to me at my
desk. I will check your chart to make sure you have
the main points. I will then give you the second
packet.
3. When you are finished with the entire note chart,
you can come get a Cold War unit study guide from
me at my desk.