Bellringer: 12/14
• Pick up papers by the door.
• Take out your Age of Unification and
Nationalism vocab. These will be checked for a
HW grade.
• Answer the following review questions:
– What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna?
– Put the leaders of France during the Revolution in the correct
order: Napoleon, Robespierre, Directory, Louis XVI.
– What countries did Simon Bolivar, Toussaint L’Ouverture,
Dom Pedro, and Miguel Hidalgo help free?
Table of Contents Updates:
• Page 77: Notes: Congress of Vienna
• Page 78: Map Activity: Europe and the
Congress of Vienna
• Page 79: Reading Questions: The Congress of
Vienna
Agenda: 12/14
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1. Bellringer/Homework Check
2. Notes: Congress of Vienna
3. Map Activity: Congress of Vienna
4. Reading Questions: Congress of Vienna
5. Kahoot Vocab Review
HOMEWORK 12/14:
• 1. Study for vocab quiz NEXT CLASS
(12/16, Wednesday).
• 2. Finish reading questions if necessary (to be
turned in for a classwork grade).
Putting Europe Back Together:
Congress of Vienna (1815)
• What was the meeting which attempted to
restore Europe to what it had been before the
French Revolution and Napoleon?
• What was the significance of the Congress of
Vienna?
• What is the belief that no one country should
be more powerful than the others?
• What was the legacy of Napoleon?
• What was the legacy of the Congress of
Vienna?
The Big Players
Britain: Duke of Wellington
Russia: Tsar Alexander I
Austria: Metternich
Prussia: King Frederick William III
France’s Talleyrand
Congress of Vienna
(1814-1815)
• European monarchs sought to turn back the clock to 1789
and restore Europe’s Old Regime
• Members included the “Big Four” and France
– Austria – Prince Metternich
– England – Duke of Wellington and Lord
Castlereagh
– Prussia – Frederick William III, Hardenberg, and
Humboldt
– Russia – Tsar Alexander I
– PLUS: France – Talleyrand
Metternich: An In-Depth
Look (1773-1859)
• Conservative leader at the Congress
• Opposed democracy and nationalism
• Claimed that he was guided by the principle of
legitimacy
– Lawful monarchs from the royal families that had ruled
before Napoleon would be restored to power
Basic Agenda at the Congress of Vienna
1. Decide what to do with France
2. Maintain a balance of power in Europe
3. Restoration of European monarchies
General Principles
Balance of Power
Legitimacy
Compensation
Liberalism
Conservatism
Nationalism
1. Balance of Power
• Each country wants to make sure that no
other country in Europe is too powerful
• Make sure one country won’t become
too dominant again
– Think France under Napoleon!
2. Legitimacy
– Restoration of pre-Napoleon rulers
– Examples:
• House of Bourbon – France, Spain, and
the two Sicilies
• House of Braganza – Portugal
• House of Orange – Netherlands
• House of Savoy – Sardinia
• German princes – territories in the
Confederation of the Rhine
• Pope and Catholic Church – Papal States
3. Compensation
– Napoleon’s enemies rewarded with
land
– Other nations compensated for land
taken
– Redrew the map of Europe
4. Conservatism
5. Liberalism
– Competing political and philosophical
ideologies (beliefs)
6. Nationalism
– Nationalism = pride in one’s country
– Will be a consequence of the Congress
of Vienna, desire for balance of
power, and the age of imperialism
Europe After the Congress of Vienna
Fate of Nationalism
• People had no say over territorial changes
• Language, nationality, and religion weren’t
taken into consideration
• Ideas of democracy and self-government
were rejected by European leadership
• Soon enough, concessions were made
Results of the
Congress of Vienna
• Concert of Europe – group of leading nations which
periodically met to discuss issues regarding stability
• Temporary suppression of democratic and nationalistic ideals
• The Principle of Intervention: the great powers of Europe
had the right to send armies into countries where there were
revolutions in order to restore legitimate monarchs to power;
Great Britain did not agree with this policy
• International peace – no general war in Europe until World
War I (100 years later)
– Crimean War (1854-1856), Austro-Prussian War
(1866), Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)
Creation of buffer states to keep France from establishing
another empire
Buffer States
• Designed to prevent France from again
becoming a threat
• Holland and Sardinia enlarged and
strengthened
• European nations guaranteed Switzerland’s
neutrality
Territorial Changes
• Austria gained Lombardy, Modena, Parma,
Tuscany, and Venetia (all are areas in Italy)
• England gained Cape Colony, Ceylon,
Heligoland, Guiana, and Malta (areas in Africa,
the Americas, and Asia)
• Prussia gained part of Poland, land along the
Rhine River, 40% of Saxony, Swedish Pomerania,
and Westphalia
• Russia gained Finland and part of Poland
Legacy of Congress of Vienna
• “Balance of Power”
doctrine
• Restoration of monarchies
• New political map of
Europe
• New political philosophies
(liberalism and
conservatism)
Review Questions
• 1. What countries made up the “Big Four” at
the Congress of Vienna?
• 2. What were the principles of compensation
and legitimacy?
• 3. How did the Congress of Vienna redraw the
map of Europe?
• 4. What were the results of the Congress of
Vienna?
Prussian
gains
Saxony
Austrian Netherlands
Finland &
Sweden