Bellringer: 3/15 and 3/16
• 1. Pick up the papers by the door.
• 2. Add these page numbers:
• Page # 117: Quiz – Islam & Islamic Civs.
• Page #118: Notes: The Middle Ages
• 3. Review for your Islam/Islamic Civilizations quiz today.
Use the following terms to guide your review:
• Muhammad, Five Pillars, Qur’an, Monotheism, Islamic
art, Islamic architecture, Dome of the Rock, Ka’bah,
Rightly Guided Caliphate, Sunni vs. Shi’a, Umayyads vs.
Abbasids
After your quiz…
• 1. Write down your HW:
• Finish Charlemagne map activity
• 2. Update your Table of Contents with
the following:
Agenda: 3/15 and 3/16
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1. Bellringer
2. Quiz: Islam & Islamic Civilization
3. Notes: Intro to the Middle Ages
4. Map Activity: Charlemagne’s Europe
5. Glossary Work Time
THE MIDDLE AGES
General Characteristics of the Middle
Ages:
• Dates: 500s-1500s CE
•
After Classical civilizations of Greece/Rome and before the Renaissance
• Three phases:
• 1. Early Middle Ages (The “Dark Ages”) – 500s to 1000 CE
• 2. High Middle Ages – 1000 to 1300 CE
• 3. Late Middle Ages – 1300 to 1500 CE
• Only 1 church in Western Europe  Catholicism
• Politics and society typified by feudalism
• Everybody in society = has a role and a purpose
• Eventually ends because of:
• Scientific Revolution, Renaissance, printing press, etc.
Geography of the Middle Ages
The Middle Ages began with the fall of the
Roman Empire in the West
While the Eastern half
rose as the
Byzantine Empire
Huns
Germanic
Tribes
Geography of the Middle Ages:
• Western Roman Empire  taken over by Germanic tribes
• Includes: Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Franks, etc.
• Becomes the German states, eventually united under the
Holy Roman Empire
• Think modern-day countries of France, Spain, Italy, Germany,
England, etc.
Religion of the Middle Ages
Religion of the Middle Ages:
• Roman Catholic Church = only religion in
Europe during the Middle Ages
• Influence left over from Roman Empire
• Catholic Church = a unifier in Europe
• In face of chaos and danger  Church
is a stable force, provides security to the
people
• Clovis becomes a political and
religious leader in the Middle Ages
• Church = center of education
• Often provides the only route for
education for men in Europe at the time
• Happens at monasteries
Achievements of the Middle Ages
Achievements of the Middle Ages:
• Intellectual Achievements:
• Calligraphy (fancy scripts
used by monks in writings)
• Creation of monasteries
• Educated many men as
administrators for kings
and lords within the
feudal system
• Monasteries preserved
Greco-Roman
knowledge
Some Important Cultural Changes:
Flowering of Poetry About Courtly Love:
• Poetry about courtly love:
• Troubadours (professional
singers) sang of courtliness,
brave deeds, and Romantic
love accompanied by a harp
or lute.
• Courtly love poetry
praised an idealized,
distant, unattainable lady
love (e.g. Beatrice in
Dante’s Divine Comedy)
• Artificial passion with
strict rules.
• Stories of unrequited love
and heroic knights
Achievements of the Middle Ages:
• Architecture:
• Will vary depending upon
which “phase” of the
Middle Ages a building
was constructed
• Examples:
• Castles
• Churches
• Rose window
Romanesque Architecture:
Prevalent during 9th-12th century
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Rounded Arches
Barrel Vaults
Thick walls
Darker, simplistic interiors
Small windows usually at
the top of the wall
• Circular Rose Window
usually on the West Side
Rose Window
• The basic round rose window
was developed as part of the
Romanesque period but
developed further and was used
in Gothic Architecture.
• Notice the Romanesque style top
left versus the Gothic style
bottom left (from the cathedral of
Notre Dame). Intricate stone
tracery is used in the Gothic
style.
Gothic Architecture:
prevalent in W. Europe from 12th – 15th Cen. C.E.
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Pointed arches
High, narrow vaults
Thinner walls
Flying buttresses
Elaborate, ornate,
airier interiors
• Stained-glass
windows
• Everything reaches
up towards Heaven
Castles
• Originally built from wood,
easily destroyed
• Materials changed to stone with
higher, thicker walls
Politics/Government of the Middle
Ages
Politics/Government of the
Middle Ages:
• “Barbarian” invasion leads to
the fall of Roman Empire
• Leads to creation of
Germanic States  Holy
Roman Empire
• Political structure on a local
level = feudalism
Politics/Government of the
Middle Ages:
• Rise of the Franks at the Battle
of Tours
• Franks: A Germanic tribe
• Eventually defeat Muslim
forces at the Battle of Tours
(led by Charles Martel) in 732
• Muslim loss at Tours:
Stops Muslim incursion
into Europe
• Makes Franks the most
powerful Germanic tribe
in Europe
Charlemagne
• Became the Frankish
king in 768
• The greatest leader of the
Franks
• His armies conquered
lands across Europe and
spread Christianity.
Charlemagne
• Crowned Emperor by Pope Leo III on
December 25, 800.
• “Emperor of the Romans” or as historians
call it, “Holy Roman Emperor”
• Gave the Church political power
• Church held power over kings
• Start of the Carolingian Empire (800-888)
• “Father of Europe”
• United most of Western Europe
• During his ruling the West experiences
some stability.
Charlemagne’s capital, Aachen, in Germany.
Economics of the Middle Ages
• The manor was the lord’s estate.
• The manor system was an
economic arrangement between a
lord and his serfs.
• The lord would provide serfs
with housing, strips of
farmland, and protection from
bandits.
• In return, the serfs tended the
lord’s lands, cared for his
animals, and performed other
tasks to maintain the estate.
Society of the Middle Ages
Society of the Middle Ages:
• Feudalism = political and social structure in the Middle
Ages
• This means there is definite class divisions
Tenets of Society during the
Middle Ages:
• Centered around
feudalism and the
Catholic Church
• Subservience to church
• Church played a big
role—birth, baptism
• Belief that great
cathedrals should be
erected
• Belief in God, heaven,
and hell
• All actions had
consequences (good life
led to a good experience
in heaven).
Vita Karoli Magni
The Life of Charles the Great is a biography
written by a dedicated servant to
Charlemagne.
Your Task:
1. Read your section of the Life of
Charlemagne.
2. Complete your worksheet
• Write the title
• Summarize the section with
your group.
• Draw a picture that represents
your section.
• Write the Impact