1. Early Man
Geography
- The impact of geography on huntergatherer societies.
Essential Knowledge:
1. Human ancestors walked upright
in ___________________ about
3-4 million years ago.
2. ___________________ emerged
in Africa between 100,000400,000 years ago.
3. Homo sapiens ____________
from Africa to Eurasia, Australia,
and the Americas.
4. Early humans adapted to their
environment by devising new
clothing and shaping simple tools
for ____________________.
Hunter-Gatherers
- Characteristics of hunter-gatherer
societies.
-
Use of fire
Simple weapons
New Stone Age
- ______________ animals
- Weaving
- Settled farming/ seed culture
- Advanced Tools
- Pottery
Archeology
- How archeological discoveries
are changing our knowledge of
early people.
Essential Knowledge:
1. ______________ study past
cultures by locating and analyzing
human remains, ___________,
and _____________.
2. Archeologists apply scientists
tests such as _____________ to
analyze fossils and artifacts.
Essential Knowledge:
1. ______________ peoples
followed herds of animals and/
or migrated in search of water,
food, and shelter.
2. Hunter-gatherers lived in ______
searching for seeds, nuts, and
meat.
3. Early humans developed oral
______________.
Old Stone Age and New Stone Age
- tool making and the use of fire
- technological and social
advancement that gave rise to stable
communities.
Essential Knowledge:
1. Early humans invented _______
and mastered the use of______
to control aspects of their
environment.
Old Stone Age
Oral language
- Clothing
- _________
I wish my
brother
George
was here.
Word Bank:
language
cave art
carbon dating
domesticated
Eastern Africa
hunting and gathering
migrated
artifacts
nomadic
archeologists
fossils
Homo sapiens
Eastern Africa
Clans
tools
fire
2. River Valley Civilizations
Historical Skills:
-Location in time and place
Essential Knowledge:
1. Location of ancient civilizations
between 5000-1500 BC
a. _______ was located in
Africa on a narrow strip
of land along the Nile
River.
b. _______________ was
located between the
________ and the
______________
Rivers.
c. India was located in
South Asia along the
_________ and Ganges
Rivers.
d. China was located on the
_______________
River in Northern China.
2. Importance of Location:
a. Each civilization was
surrounded by physical
features that provided
natural __________
against migratory
peoples.
b. _____ were rich for
farming.
c. Water was available for
__________.
3. ____________________,
located along the Mediterranean
Coast connecting Mesopotamia
and Nile regions, was settled
between 2000-1000 BC
a. ___________ settled in
Palestine.
b. ______________ settled
the coast.
c. ___________
dominated the Plateau of
Iran around 500 BC.
Features of River Valley Civilizations
- The development of social, political,
and economic progress.
- The development of religious
traditions
- The development of language and
writing
1. _____________: settled farming
resulted form domesticating animals
and plants, irrigation, and seed
cultivation.
2. Economy: ________ food
promoted trade along rivers and on
seas (Phoenicians), storage of food,
accounting systems, and city
development. Government controlled
economic life.
3. Government: Centralized
government is often related to
religion. Written codes and laws
provided justice (Ten
Commandments--_______________________).
4. Religion: Ancient peoples practiced
_____________ except for the
Hebrews, who practiced
monotheism.
5. Language: Written language
(_____________, _____________)
developed from pictures. Later, the
Phoenicians developed the
________________.
6. ________________: Ancient river
civilizations worked copper metals,
developed chariots for warfare, and
used plows.
7. Mathematics: Ancient civilizations
developed mathematics for
____________.
Word Bank:
Code of Hammurabi - Irrigation - Euphrates - Indus – Egypt – alphabet - Tigris – defense - Agriculture Hebrews - Huang Ho – hieroglyphics - Mesopotamia – Persians - soils – Fertile Crescent – Phoenicians – Surplus
– polytheism – cuneiform – Technology - building
3. Ancient Greece
Geography
- The influence of geography on Greek
economic, social, and political
development.
Essential Knowledge:
-
-
Ancient Greece was located on a
______________ between the Aegean
and ____________________Seas, within
easy sailing distance of the Fertile
Crescent and Egypt. This location
promoted contacts for trade and ideas
(_________________)
Mountainous terrain resulted inn isolated
development of ______________ rather
than a central government, poor farmland
that pushed people to colonize land
outside Greece, and dependence on trade.
-
Good ___________ supported
merchants and traders whose contacts
brought cultural changes and technology.
-
Mild _________ promoted public life
outdoors, where people knew each other
and discussed issues and news, resulting
in an increase in civic life.
Greek Mythology and Religion
Essential Knowledge:
______________: a rich collection of
stories/myths about Greek gods/goddesses
explaining the mysteries of nature and human
life.
_______________: Representations of
essential human qualities that have continued
as symbols and images in modern Western
literature and art.
Religion: ____________---many Gods
including Zeus, Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite;
gods considered a part of public life.
Greek Commerce
- The impact of Greek commerce and
colonies on the Mediterranean region.
Essential Knowledge:
-
-
Greek ____________ were established to
ease overcrowding in mainland Greece.
Wine and _______ products were
exchanged for grain to support home
cities.
Commercial expansion brought farmers
from villages to the cities as skilled
craftsman.
Greek merchants traded throughout the
Mediterranean area replacing
___________ with a _________
economy.
Trade advanced Greek culture and
influence in the Mediterranean region.
Citizenship and the Democracy
- The social significance of citizenship, and
the development of democracy in the
city-state of Athens.
Essential Knowledge:
The _______ (city-state), center of Greek
identity, commanded intense loyalty---a
citizen was first a member of the polis. There
were three groups of inhabitants:
1. ___________: adult males who
typically operated businesses in
the agora (market place)
2. Free People: no political rights--women who cared for the
household.
3. Non-citizens: __________ had
no rights.
A. ____________ was
based on the belief that
human beings are
rational individuals.
B. Civic decisions were
made in open debate.
Men were expected to
participate in public life.
Word Bank:
Climate – citizens - Peninsula – citizenship - colonies - city states – mythology - Mediterranean - cultural diffusion –
harbors – polytheism - Greek Gods – olive – barter – money –polis –slaves - Athens
C. __________ was the
primary city-state in
Greece after 750 BC,
and its government
passed through 4 distinct
stages:
1. ___________: rule by one
person inheriting power by family
succession.
2. Aristocracy: Rule by a small
group of _________.
3. __________: Rule by one
person, the tyrant, who seized
power.
4. ___________: rule by an
assembly in which citizens could
vote.
*The struggle for power was often influenced
by the plight of farmers.
-
Two aristocrats worked for reforms that
led to democracy:
1. ________: created written laws
with severe punishments.
2. ________: improved the legal
system and expanded
participation in the Assembly.
Golden Age of Pericles
Essential Knowledge
-
_____________developed a democracy
where all adult male citizens had an equal
voice in government.
-
Pericles rebuilt Athens after its
destruction in the Persian Wars---the
_______________ is an example of this
reconstruction.
-
Athens, under Pericles, created the Delian
League, an alliance of Greek city states, as
a defense against external enemies.
Greek Contributions
-The contributions of Greek Philosophers
(including Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle),
playwrights, poets, historians, sculptors,
architects, scientists, and mathematicians.
Essential Knowledge
Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian Wars
Essential Knowledge
-
3. Cultural development
arrested/stopped
Persian wars united the Greeks against an
external enemy. Victories at __________
and Salamis left Greeks in control of the
_________ area.
-Causes of the Peloponnesian War
1. Athenian dominance of Greek
city-states in the
________________.
2. Sparta’s competition with
____________ for control.
-Contributions of the Ancient Greeks:
1. Philosophy: ___________, Plato,
_____________
2. Drama: Aeschylus, Euripides
3. Poetry: ____________
4. History: Herodotus
5. Architecture: Parthenon and
Columns
a. _________
b. __________
c. ___________
6. Science: Archimedes,
_________________ (medicine)
7. Mathematics: Euclid (Geometry),
________________
-Effects of the Peloponnesian War
1. ________________ Period
ended
2. Greece left vulnerable to invasion
Word Bank:
Aegean Sea – Socrates – Doric - Pericles - Tyranny – Pythagoras - democracy – Draco - Monarchy –
Athens - Solon – Hippocrates - Hellenistic - nobles – Marathon – Delian League – Ionian - Parthenon Aristotle – Homer - Corinthian
Alexander the Great
- The conquest of Greece by
______________, and the spread of
Hellenistic culture by Alexander the
Great.
Essential Knowledge
-
-
Phillip II of Macedonia conquered most
of Greece, and his son, _____________
____________, conquered the Persian
Empire, extending his influence from
Macedonia/Greece to the Indus River
Valley.
Alexander carried Greek (____________)
culture to conquered territories.
1. Conquered people ___________
Greek culture with their own.
2. __________ was spoken by
leaders throughout Mesopotamia
and Egypt.
3. The Hellenistic Age lasted until
the rise of the _____________.
Word Bank:
Roman Empire
Alexander the Great
Macedonia
Greek
combined
Hellenistic
7. ANCIENT INDIA,CHINA, JAPAN,
AFRICA & the AMERICAS
STANDARD 8.8a
-India, with emphasis on the _______system;
the traditions, customs, beliefs, and
significance of Hinduism; and the conquest by
the Moslem Turks.
Essential Knowledge:
- __________developed the caste system to
ensure their dominance of Indian society. The
caste system was embedded in Hindu religious
law.
-The caste system was hereditary, creating a
stable social, political, and economic structure.
- ____________________criticized the
Hindu caste system and founded
__________. His teachings included the
________________and the___________.
________dispatched missionaries, spreading
the teachings of Buddha throughout Asia.
-The __________established the GOLDEN
AGE of Classical Indian culture contributing
mathematical knowledge (the numeral system
used in the West), new textiles, and literature
that influenced Southeast Asia.
-The ____________conquered India and
brought Islam to the Indian subcontinent.
Hinduism:




Caste system in religious law
Polytheistic (Henotheistic): one god
with many forms.
_____________-rebirth
_______: future is based on present
behavior.
-Physical barriers to invasion included the
Himalayas, Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, and
deserts of Southwest Asia.
- _____________was the invasion route
through mountains in the West.
-Arabian Sea provided sea routes for trade
with Rome and the Muslim world.
STANDARD 8.8b
-China, with emphasis on the T’ang dynasty;
the traditions, customs, beliefs, and
significance of Buddhism; the impact of
Confucianism and Taoism and the
construction of the Great Wall.
Essential Knowledge:
Confucius
 Humans are good, not bad
 Respect for elders
 Code of politeness still used in
Chinese society today
 Emphasis on education
 _________________
Laozi/Taoism
 Humility
 Simple life and inner peace
 Yin/Yang representing opposites,
e.g., good and evil
 Harmony with nature
-Chinese rulers were considered divine, but
they served under a _________________
only as long as their rule was just.
-Under the ________dynasty, China
developed printing and encouraged literature
influencing cultural development in Korea
and Japan.
-The Tang period expanded the system of
education and created civil service
examinations for government officials.
-China was connected to the Western World
(Rome) by the___________.
-Migratory invaders raided Chinese
settlements from the North. of China was
built as a line of defense against invasions.
Word Bank:
Siddhartha Gautama – Aryans – Buddhism – 4 Noble Truths - caste - 8-Fold Path – mandate from heaven - Asoka –
Guptas - Moslem Turks – Karma - Reincarnation – Khyber Pass – The Great Wall - Ancestor worship – Tang - Silk
Road
STANDARD 8.8C
-Japan, with emphasis on the development
and significance of ________and _________
religious traditions, and influence of the
Chinese culture.
Essential Knowledge:
-Shintoism is an ethnic religion unique to
Japan. Shinto venerates ________in nature
and ancestors. Shinto became the state
religion, venerating the emperor.
-Buddhism and Confucianism were
introduced to Japan from China along with
Chinese culture: art, architecture, and writing.
Zen Buddhism and Shinto continue to coexist
in Japan.
- _____________led to Japanese respect for a
just, central government.
-The insular character (isolated) of Japanese
geography provided defense from invaders.