BELL RINGER: DESCRIBE THE PICTURE AND
EXPLAIN THE SYMBOLISM.
LET’S TAKE A LOOK BACK
What was the controversy of the EstatesGeneral?
 What did the third estate do due to the
controversy?
 Why did peasant begin to become weary of the
French Revolution?
 What does the king do when he see things get
bad?
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AGENDA/OBJECTIVES
War with Austria
 Radicals execute the king
 Reign of terror and Maximilien Robespierre
 What happens after the end of the Reign of
terror.
 Video to tie it all in!
 Pass out mid term review and answer any
questions.

THE GREAT FEAR
After the storming of the Bastille.
 Rebellion spreads
 Peasants destroy the countryside
 End of feudal privileges

REACTION FROM OTHER COUNTRIES
Declaration of Pillnitz
 Possible foreign intervention

WAR AND EXTREME MEASURES
War with Austria:
 - Radicals hoped to spread revolution to all of
Europe.
 - Austria and Prussia suggest putting Louis
back on the throne.
 War declared – August 1792.

WAR AND EXTREME MEASURES
War began badly for French forces.
 Summer 1792 – enemy armies were advancing
towards Paris.
 July 25 – Prussian leader threatened to destroy
Paris if anyone harmed the royal family.
 Response: 20,000 men and women raided the
Tuileries killing all of Louis guards and
imprisoning him.

WAR EFFECTS LIFE IN PARIS
As volunteers were getting ready to leave.
 - rumors of imprisoned royalist retaking Paris
went around.
 Early September- Parisians raided the prisons
killing over a 1,000 prisoners.

THE RADICALS TAKE OVER
Paris mob stormed Tuileries
 Louis and family seek aid of Legislative
Assembly
 Arrested and deposed

THE NATIONAL CONVENTION
First met on September 21, 1792
 Revolutionary Calendar
 Monarchy abolished; France officially becomes
a republic

LEADERS IN THE NATIONAL CONVENTION

Jean-Paul Marat

Georges Danton
RADICALS EXECUTE THE KING
Mob leaders had more power than the
government.
 Jean Paul Marat: editor of a newspaper,
suggested killing all enemies of the revolution.
 Georges Danton: dedicated to the rights of poor
people.
 September 21 – National Convention declared
France a republic and abolished the Monarchy.

RADICALS EXECUTE THE KING
Radical Jacobins: tried Louis XVI for treason
and sentenced him to death.
 January 21, 1793 – Louis was beheaded by a
machine called the Guillotine.

THE GUILLOTINE
Dr. Joseph Guillotin
 Intended as a more humane method of
execution
 Thousands guillotined during the French
Revolution

THE FIRST REPUBLIC
First issue – continuing the war with Austria
and Prussia.
 1793 – Great Britain, Holland, and Spain allied
with Austria and Prussia – First Coalition.
 - France suffered many defeats.
 February 1793 – Draft 300,000 French citizens
between 18-40.
 1794 – Army of 800,000 and included women.

REIGN OF TERROR
Jacobins had thousands of enemies:
 - peasants against the beheading of clergy men.
 - Rival leaders stirring up rebellions.
 Maximilien Robespierre- gained power and tried to
wipe out any trace of the royalty or nobility in
France.
 - Calendar changed to be more scientific.
 i.e. 10 day week to get rid of Sundays.

MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE
BELL RINGER

Why was the Guillotine invented?
REIGN OF TERROR
All churches ransacked and closed.
 Robespierre became leader of the Committee
of Public Safety.
 Tried people in the morning and beheaded
them in the afternoon.
 July 1793- July 1794: virtually a dictator his rule
became known as the reign of terror.

REIGN OF TERROR
Most famous victim: Marie Antoinette (wife of
Louis XVI)
 - Most “enemies” were revolutionaries that
challenged his power.
 October 1793 – revolutionary courts
pronounced death sentences on many of the
leaders who first helped start the revolution.

REIGN OF TERROR
Georges Danton- found himself in danger for
being less radical.
 National Convention feared defending him, they
joined in on condemning him.
 On the scaffold Danton said:
 “don’t forget to show my head to the people.
It’s well worth seeing.”

REIGN OF TERROR
Thousands of people were sentenced to death
for silly crimes.
 i.e. 18 year old boy sentenced to death for
cutting down a tree dedicated to liberty.
 - tavern owner put to death for selling sour wine
to revolutionaries.

REIGN OF TERROR
3,000 killed in Paris.
 40,000 killed in France.
 About 85% were peasants or members of the
middle class.

REIGN OF TERROR ENDS
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July 1794- National Convention members were not safe.
Conspired to arrest Robespierre.
July 28, 1794 he was executed.
Public opinion quickly shifted to the right (conservative).
1795 – moderate leaders took over the convention.
1799 – New Constitution
- Two house legislature
- executive body of five men called the directory.
Directory found a talented young man to lead France to
victory. Who was he?
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
LEGACIES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
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End of absolutism
Power of nobles ended
Peasants became
landowners
Nationalism
Enlightenment ideals
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=womw36yV
GRM&list=PL78042E17E60D72CF