The Matter of Facts!
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up
space.
Everything around us is matter!
So what’s the matter?
It’s a matter of fact(s)!
Identifying Matter
What’s the matter?
Physical Properties of Matter
Physical properties are characteristics of a substance that can be
observed or measured without changing the substance into something
else.
•Color
•Hardness
•Taste
•Length
•Width
•Height
•Weight
•Mass
•Volume
•Density
•Ability to conduct heat, electricity, or sound
•Ability to become a magnet
Mass – The amount of matter in an object.
Scientists use a balance scale to measure mass.
The object’s unknown mass is compared to a known mass.
Mass is recorded in grams or kilograms
Weight – A measure of the pull of gravity on an object.
So…do you think your weight is the same on Earth as it is on the moon?
Your weight is approx. 6 times less on the moon because the
gravitational pull is 5/6 less than on earth!
So to find your weight on the moon, divide your weight by 6
What are some of the physical properties of these boxes?
Can you find ways to tell these apples apart?
Circumference
The distance around a circle.
Much like the perimeter, only around
something round – like an apple!
Volume
Volume – The amount of space an object takes up.
Volume = length X width X height
V=lxwxh
expressed in cubic units
Simple enough when it is a box, but what if the solid is irregular?
What if you wanted to know the volume of an apple?
What then?
Volume can
be found by
measuring
Displacement
Measurement of the
amount of liquid that
a solid displaces.
1cu3=1ml
-
You can use a graduated cylinder such as one of these!
How you ask?
When using a graduated cylinder to measure, you must
be careful to measure the bottom of the level of liquid. This
curved look of the liquid is known as the meniscus.
Density
Concentration
of
Matter in an
object
Density
equals
mass
divided by
volume
States of Matter
No, not those states, these states…..
3 States or Phases of Matter
Solid:
•Has a definite shape
•Has a definite volume
•Molecules are very close together
Liquid:
•Does not have a definite shape (will take the shape of a container)
•Has a definite volume
•Molecules are a little further apart and vibrate a bit quickly
Gas:
•Does not have a definite shape (will take the shape of a container)
•Does not have a definite volume
•Molecules are very far apart and vibrate very quickly!
Plasma (yes, this too is a state of matter, but you’ll learn more about this later!)
• No definite shape or volume
• Particles broken apart
The changing of the states or phases of matter
Changes in state are physical.
They do not change the substance.
Changes in state are reversible!
•Freezing - liquid to solid
•Melting - solid to liquid
•Boiling - liquid to gas
•Condensation - gas to liquid
•Sublimation - solid to gas
•Evaporation - when particles escape from a nonboiling liquid and
become a gas
Melting and Boiling Points
Melting Point & Freezing Point
are the same!
Water freezes at 0C or 32F
Boiling Point
Temperature at which
a substance changes
from a liquid to a gas.
Water boils at
100C or 212F
Mixtures
Combination of 2 or more
different kinds of matter that
keep their own physical
properties and can be easily
separated.
Solution - Type of mixture in
which particles of 2 or more
substances are mixed and not easily
separated.
Solubility - the ability to be dissolved.
Solutions are not easily separated
Sugar is soluble in water.
Pepper is not!
Suspension - a mixture of liquids with particles of
a solid which may not dissolve in the liquid.
The solid may be separated from the liquid by
leaving it to stand, or by filtration
Examples:
oil in water
sand in water
Chemical Changes or Reactions of Matter
Changes in which one or more new substances
are formed are called
chemical changes or reactions.
Marshmallow melting is physical change.
Marshmallow burning is a chemical change
Sodium + Chlorine = Sodium Chloride
(Salt)
These are examples of chemical
change or reaction because light
or heat
or both
are
produced.
Burning Candle
Reactivity - The ability of a substance to react chemically
Clues that identify chemical change:
•Change in color
•Production of light
•Production of heat
•Production of a gas
Chemical
Change
Example!
Baking soda + vinegar = gas
Carbon dioxide is produced
Chemical
Change
Example!
Burning Candle - heat and light are produced
Chemical Change or Reaction
Iron rusting is an example of
chemical reaction or change
A change in color occurs
Iron conducts electricity
Rust does not conduct
electricity
Different densities
Different melting points
Combustibility
Chemical property of being able to burn.
Flame Test
Used to
identify
substances
based
on the color of
the flame they
produce
when burned.
Law of Conservation of Matter
Matter is neither created nor destroyed during a
physical or chemical change.
The amount of matter is always the same.
The END for now….more madness to come later!