The aim
The aim of this presentation is to reflect on the institutional
setting and the policy questions that have promoted the use
of the physical environmental accounts.
What can be done to enhance the use of data further?
Our notion of policy use can be expressed as: 'putting the data
in forms so that it answers frequent and relevant questions in
the area'.
Sustainable development
Environment
Social
Econom
y
Three Government commissions
1. Statistics Sweden
was to develop physical environmental accounts.
2. The National Institute of Economic Research
was to investigate the feasibility to develop monetary
environmental accounts (and to integrate environmental data
in economic modelling)
3. The National Environmental Protection Agency
was to design a system of environmental indexes, with
the purpose to give an overview of the state of the
Swedish ecosystems. This task is since then reoriented
towards economic assessments of environmental policy.
DPSIR-model
Population
Energy use
Industry
Transport
Respons
Driving
forces
Laws
Taxes, subsidies
New technology
Emissions
Waste
Impact
Pressure
Physical, chemical and
biological state
Air-, water- and
Land quality
Bad health
Threatened species
Econ.losses
State
Regular publishing
•
•
•
•
•
•
Energy use
Emissions to air
Environmental taxes and subsidies
Environmental protection expenditure
Chemical product use
Waste for selected years
Non-regular publishing
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Environment industry
Indicators for sustainable development
Water-, Land- , Forest accounts
Data per product group of final demand
Household accounts
Decomposition analysis
Regional environmental accounts
Material flow analysis
Publication strategy
• An electronic news-letter (in Swedish)
• Publication series Miljoräkenskaper that is jointly used by
SCB, NIER and the Swedish EPA, on the web
• Environmental protection expenditure data is presented as a
statistical message
• Reports that are commissioned from other institutes such as
Eurostat are often available on the web
• Selected data in Statistical Yearbook
• Database at www.scb.se/mi1202 (in Swedish) and
www.scb.se/mi1202-en (in English)
SCB advisory group
The environmental accounts advisory group meet twice a year.
It consists of people from the department of finance,
department of industry and the department of environment,
the Swedish EPA, the NIER, the WWF, Stockholm
University and a representative from Västmanland, one of
the counties in Sweden.
The participants are asked to contribute for a period of three
years.
The head of the advisory board, Mr Alf Carling, a senior expert
on environmental economics, with a large record of doing
work for different government committees, is available for
consultation.
Spreading of information
When a report is ready, a press
release is sent out, and is often cited
in many newspapers. The citations
are collected by our press service.
Contacts with government
commissions on relevant issues.
Network for environmental economists and
for LCA-practitioners
International Consulting Office
Main users
•
•
•
•
The National Institute of Economic Research (KI)
The Ministry of Finance
The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (NV)
The Swedish Government
•
•
•
•
•
Nordic Council of Ministers
The Swedish National Labour Market Administration
The Swedish Trade Union Confederation
The Swedish Society for Nature Conservation
The Office of Regional Planning and Urban
transportation in Stockholm (RTK)
• Journalists, universities, political parties, and writers
• Official statistical publications
• EUROSTAT
• The London Group on Environmental Accounting
Users and uses I
The Swedish Government
commissions on climate change,the
Committee on Environmental
Objectives,
the committee for growth and
environment, green taxes and
Producer responsibility have
commissioned analytical work
relating the economy and the
environment.
Users and uses II
NIER have mainly used economic
data, energy data and air emission
data so far.
A medium-term economic forecast
model has been developed, which
takes environmental aspects into
account and is used by the
department of finance.
Analyses of interest 2004
•
•
•
•
Economic instruments, green tax reforms
Sustainability indicators, social issues
Chemical products policy
IO-analyses: decoupling & decomposition
analysis
• Water accounts
• Households and IPP
• Modelling
Conclusions more use?
• Increase and maintain contacts with the
consulting and research community.
• In order to make contacts with large
organizations with international policy goals
on sustainable development, a coordinated
effort would be preferred.
Sectors - Industries - Products
Sectors
Industries
Product/service
D
6
C
1
V1
V5
5
V4
A
B
4
V2
2
3
V3
goods
capital
work force
material
energy
Industries,
government,
households
services
waste
emissions
Data Base - Content
Environmental tables:
Emissions
NACE
Substance
Type of fuel
Emissions(tonne
Energy
NACE
Type of fuel
Energy (TJ)
Electricity and
distant heating
NACE
El (TJ)
Distant heating (TJ)
El (GWh)
Distant heating (GWh)
Chemicals
NACE
Hazard category
Risk class
Waste
(Not included in
DB yet.)
Economic tables:
Value added
NACE
Current prices
(V.A.)
Fixed prices
Gross output
NACE
Current prices
(G.O.)
Fixed prices
Employment
NACE
Working hours
Number of empl.
Trade
NACE
Import
Export
Subsidies
NACE
Environmental
subsidies
Total subsidies
Taxes
NACE
CO2tax
Sulphur tax
Electricity taxes
Energy tax
Passenger cars
Lorries
Trailers
Bus
Motorcycle
Tractor
Environmental
protection
expenditure
NACE
Investments by
domain and type
Current
expenditures by
domain and type
Social data to be added. Example 1. Does not participate in
discussions on politics, average 2000-02, by industry, %
Women black, Men grey
AAgriculture,
-5)
griculture,foforestry,
restry,fishery
fishery(1(1
-5)
M anufacturing,
mining
(10-37)
M anufacturing,
mining
(10-37)
Energy
pro ductiogas,
n (40,
41) (40, 41)
Electricity,
water
Co nstructio n (45)
Co nstructio n (45)
WhoWho
lesale,
retail
trade
(50-52)
lesale,
retail
trade
(50-52)
Ho telsHo
and
(55) (55)
telsrestaurants
and restaurants
Transpo rts (60-64)
Transpo rts (60-64)
Finance (65-67) Finance (65-67)
Real estate
(70)
Realactivities
estate activities
(70)
Renting,
Renting,business
business service
service (71
(71-74)
-74)
P ublic
administratio
n (75,
99) 99)
P ublic
administratio
n (75,
Educatio n (80)
Educatio n (80)
Health serviceHealth
(85) service (85)
Ohter services
(90-95)
Other
services (90-95)
A ll industry (1-99)A ll industry (1-99)
Unemplo yed
Unemplo yed
A ll individuals,
aged 16-64
A ll individuals,
aged 16-64
% 14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
%