Energy accounts in the
Netherlands
Statistics Netherlands
Sjoerd Schenau
Introduction
• What are the energy accounts ?
• New approach in the Netherlands
• Some results
• What can we do with the energy accounts ?
• Energy accounts in SEEA
• Conclusions
What are energy accounts ?
 Material flow accounts (MFA): part of the
environmental accounts
 Hybrid material flow accounts: physical and
monetary supply and use tables
 Complete overview of all energy flows that
occur within a national economy
Why make energy accounts ?
 Energy essential for all economic activities
 Integrated framework  comaprison macroeconomic parameters, international comparibility
 Produce data for National Accounts
 Indicators, analyses
 Compilation of air emission accounts
1) Flows from the environment
to the economy
Extraction
Economy
imports
Environment
2) Flows within the economy
economy
3) Flows from the economy to
environment
Environment
Air emissions
Economy
exports
Source data
1. Energy statistics (energy balances)
2. National accounts (production
statistics, foreign trade statistics)
3. Price information
4. Additional data: transport statistics
etc.
Methodology: overview
Energy balances
Simplified physical
supply and use tables
Price information
Production accounts
Monetary supply
and use tables
Energy accounts
(physical and monetary)
National
Accounts
Step 1: Construction of physical
supply and use Tables
 Harmonisation of classifications
 Harmonization of concepts
 Harmonizing imports and exports
Step 2: Construction of monetary
supply and use Tables
Quantity x price = value
• Price information needed
• Information on taxes and margins
Balancing supply and use
Step 3: Finalising energy
accounts
– Balancing the physical supply and use
tables
– Prepare tables for publication
Advantages
 Consistent monetary and physical data
 Integration into National accounts: better
quality of the monetary data
Disadvantages
 Loss of price information ?
 Revision policy National Accounts
The Tables
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Monetary supply table
Physical sypply table (kg and PJ)
Monetary use table
Physical use tabel (kg and PJ)
Physical final use Table (PJ)
Supply Table (2003)
Coal
etc.
PJ
Crud
e oil
Natur
al gas
Moto
rfuel
s
PJ
PJ
PJ
Other
oilprod
ucts
PJ
Elec
trici
ty
Stea
m and
hot
water
PJ
PJ
Total
Total
mln
euro
PJ
Domestic production
Mining and quarrying
0
133
2415
0
0
0
0
2548
11754
Manufacture of petroleum products
0
0
0
857
1678
3
9
2547
14336
Manufacture of basic chemicals and
man-made fibres
0
2
0
0
408
2
10
422
1896
Manufacture of basic metals
9
0
0
0
23
1
0
34
82
Other manufacturing
0
0
0
0
0
4
3
7
12
Electricity, gas and water supply
0
0
0
0
0
293
135
428
21016
Wholesale trade (excl. motor
vehicles/cycles)
0
0
0
52
13
0
0
66
398
Sewage and refuse disposal services
0
0
0
0
0
8
11
19
193
639
2455
526
310
1050
75
0
5055
22522
Imports
Taxes and margins
Total
11031
649
2590
2941
1219
3173
386
169
11126
83240
Use Table (2003)
Coal
etc.
Intermediate use
PJ
Crude
oil
PJ
Natur
al gas
PJ
Mot
orfu
els
PJ
Other
oilpro
ducts
PJ
Elect
ricity
PJ
Stea
m and
hot
water
PJ
Total
Total
mln
euro
PJ
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
0
0
124
2
34
14
13
188
1630
Mining and quarrying
0
1
228
1
1
10
7
248
1167
Manufacture of petroleum products
0
2316
38
38
303
3
0
2700
12240
Manufacture of basic chemicals and
man-made fibres
7
217
188
3
645
33
96
1189
6111
124
0
17
0
4
31
0
176
663
3
0
158
13
27
66
17
284
2919
267
0
408
0
64
19
13
770
12848
Construction
3
0
4
6
18
2
0
32
417
Trade, hotels, restaurants and repair
0
0
72
16
64
43
4
199
2428
Transport, storage and communication
0
0
7
110
267
13
0
397
3729
Financial and business activities
0
0
25
42
0
16
2
85
1465
General government
0
0
36
11
6
17
0
70
1042
Care and other service activities
0
0
61
10
0
20
10
101
1455
Manufacture of basic metals
Other manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Consumption of households
Exports
changes in stock (retail)
0
0
335
247
4
84
7
678
14454
245
57
1241
711
1753
15
0
4022
20726
0
-1
0
7
-20
0
0
-14
-54
Totaal
649
2590
2941
1219
3173
386
169
11126
83240
(Final) Use Table (2003)
Coal
etc.
Intermediate use
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
Mining and quarrying
Manufacture of petroleum products
Manufacture of basic chemicals and
man-made fibres
Manufacture of basic metals
Other manufacturing
Electricity, gas and water supply
Construction
Trade, hotels, restaurants and repair
Transport, storage and
communication
Financial and business activities
General government
Care and other service activities
Consumption of households
Exports
Changes in stock (retail)
Totaal
PJ
Crude
oil
Natur
al gas
PJ
PJ
Motor
fuels
PJ
Other
oilpro
ducts
PJ
Elect
ricity
Steam
and
hot
water
PJ
PJ
losses
due to
conver
sion
Total
PJ
0
0
124
2
34
14
20
0
195
0
0
36
1
1
10
7
0
56
0
0
9
7
80
9
21
64
190
2
0
142
3
407
38
116
24
731
66
0
15
0
13
31
4
14
143
3
0
112
13
24
83
46
9
291
0
0
2
0
0
20
5
353
381
3
0
4
6
18
2
0
0
32
0
0
72
16
1
29
4
0
122
0
0
7
110
267
13
0
0
397
0
0
25
42
0
16
2
0
85
0
0
36
11
6
17
0
0
70
0
0
61
10
0
20
10
40
141
0
0
335
247
4
84
7
678
245
57
1241
711
1753
15
0
4022
0
-1
0
7
-20
0
0
-14
319
56
2220
1187
2591
402
242
505
7522
What can we do with the energy
accounts ?
 Analyses: Input output, decomposition
analyses
 Indicators: for example energy intensity
 Compilation of Emission accounts
Energy prices (euro/GJ)
25,00
euro/GJ
20,00
15,00
10,00
5,00
0,00
Agriculture
Mining and
quarrying
industry
energy
companies
transport
financial
services
Households
Energy intensity
70
60
MJ/euro
50
40
30
20
10
0
agriculture
mining
industry
energy
companies
financial
services
goverment
and health
Energy use final demand categories
3000
2500
PJ
2000
indirect
1500
direct
1000
500
0
Households
export
Public sector investments
Energy accounts in SEEA (1)
 Part of the MFA
 One country example (Denmark)
No special treatment for
energy accounts
Possible extension of SEEA
 General concepts
 Data sources needed for the compilation of the
energy accounts
 Methodological issues: harmonisation of
classifications, energy conversion factors,
integration of various data sources, compilation of
the monetary supply and use tables, etc.
 More country examples: South Africa, Germany,
Norway, Finland, Australia, The Netherlands, etc.
 Treatment of renewable energy
 How to use the energy accounts for the
compilation of the air emission accounts
 Other uses of the energy accounts
Conclusions
• Energy accounts provide an consistent
statistical framework for energy
• Consistent with NA definitions
• Provide data for National accounts: quality of
data improves
• Analyses and indicators
Questions
 Are energy accounts part of the environmental
accounts ?
 Should the energy accounts be discussed in the
London Group (or in the Oslo group) ?
 Should the SEEA handbook be extended with a
special section on energy accounts ?