ANA
AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE ÁGUAS
USER-PRODUCER CONFERENCE:
WATER ACCOUNTING FOR INTEGRATED
WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
SESSION 5 - WATER GOVERNANCE IN BRAZIL
Gisela Forattini
Voorburg, the Netherlands
22-24 May 2006
BRAZIL
Federative Republic
8.5 million Km2
186 million inhabitants
source: IBGE - 2006
26 States
01 Federal District
5,561 Municipalities
5 Geopolitical Regions
N, NE, SE, Midwest, S
• 13% of the freshwater of the
planet
• Relation with South America –
74 transboundary basins
Pantanal
• The great amount of water
created the habit of abusive
utilization of rivers and lakes
• Unbalance between water
availability and demand
Semi Arid Region
12 HYDROLOGICAL
REGIONS
3,9 millions km2
133.000 m3/s
0,75 millions km2
11.300 m3/s
Average discharge
182.900 m3/s
0,64 millions km2
2.000 m3/s
0,9 millions km2
11.200 m3/s
WATER USE
BRAZIL – Intense Urbanization Process
POPULATION IN 1950: 52 Million
URBAN AREAS: 19 Million
RURAL AREAS : 33 Million
POPULATION IN 2000: 169 Million
URBAN AREAS: 137 Million
RURAL AREAS: 32 Million
SOURCE: IBGE - Census 2000
Service Coverage
DOMESTIC
WATER SUPPLY
• 90 % Urban Areas
• 18 % Rural Areas
• 78 % Brazil
Service Coverage
SEWAGE
COLLECTION
•56% Urban Areas
•3% Rural Areas
•47% Brazil
Service Coverage
SEWAGE
TREATMENT
Approximately 20%
of collected sewage
is treated
HYDROPOWER
 87% of total energy
generation
 Installed capacity of
70,000 MW
 50% of installed
capacity in Southeast
region
 Annual demand
Increase of 15% until
year 2010
FEDERAL CONSTITUTION - 1988
“Art 21. The Union shall: ...
XIX – implement a National Water
Resources Management System
and define criteria for authorization
of water use”
LEGAL INSTRUMENTS
• Law 9.433/1997 “WATER LAW”
Establishes the National Water
Resource Policy and the National Water
Resources Management System
• Law 9.984/2000 “ANA’S LAW”
Regulates the establishment of the
National Water Agency (ANA), a federal entity to
implement the National Water Resources Policy
and to coordinate the National Water Resources
Management System
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICY
Basic Principles
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Water is public good
Water is a limited natural resource, which has economic
value
Priority in the use of water resources is given to human
consumption and the watering of animals;
Water resources management must always allow the
multiple use of water
The river basin is the territorial unit for the implementation
of the National Water Resources Policy
Water resources management shall be decentralized and
shall involve participation of Government, users, and
communities.
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICY
Instruments
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Water resources plan
Classification of water bodies
according to predominant uses
Granting of water use rights
Charging for water use
Compensation to municipalities
Water resources information system
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Council
National
Council
Government
Ministry of
Environment
Authority
Water
Board
Technical
Office
ANA
National
Water
Resources
Secretariat
State
State
Council
State
Government
State
Agency
River Basin
Committee
Basin
River Basin
Agency
FEDERAL BASIN
COMMITTEES
EXECUTIVE
MISSION
Nat. Water Res.
Management
System (SINGRH)
REGULATORY
AUTHORIZE
ARBITRATE
CONTROL
RIVER BASIN
MANAGEMENT
WATER USE IN
FEDERAL RIVERS
CONFLICT AMONG USERS
WATER USE IN FEDERAL
RIVERS
PRACTICAL RESULTS HAVE BEEN
OBTAINED IN THE FIRST YEARS OF ANA
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Full implementation of the new water
management instruments in the Paraiba
River basin;
Reduction of river pollution levels in the
industrial southeast and
Improvement of water supply coverage in
the poor semi-arid region of Northeastern
Brazil
Water Governance refers to the
various levels of political, social and
administrative mechanisms that must
be in place to develop and manage
water resources.
(GWP 2000)
ACHIEVEMENTS FOR THE IWRM PROCESS IN BRAZIL
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THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATIONAL WATER AGENCY - ANA
STRENGTHENING THE CIVIL SOCIETY PARTICIPATION
FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR THE PARTICIPATION OF CIVIL SOCIETY
ACCESS TO INFORMATION ON WATER QUALITY
STRENGTHENING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL WATER
POLICY AND THE NWRMS
• TRANSPARENCY IN THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
• PARTICIPATORY DECISION-MAKING PROCESS AS IWRM KEY
PRINCIPLE
• WATER BASIN COMMITTEES, STATE WATER RESOURCES
COUNCILS AND MUNICIPALITIES
• ECONOMIC VALUATION OF WATER AND APLICATION OF THE
USER/PAYER PRINCIPLE
• IWRM CAPACITY BUILDING: PROGRAMME AND NETWORKS
• GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN THE IWRM
•
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES PLAN
NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES PLAN
Approved by the National Water Resources Council, on Jan, 2006.
Governance - the participative and decentralized nature of this process
made it possible to establish, for the 2020 time horizon, guidelines,
programs, and goals, with ample social and political consensus, by
means of a comprehensive process of public discussion.
The general aim of the National Water Resources Plan is:
“ establish a national pact for the definition of guidelines
and public policies targeted at improving the supply of
water, in quality and quantity, and managing demands,
considering water as an essential element for
implementation of sector specific policies, from a
sustainable-development and social-inclusion standpoint “
http://pnrh.cnrh-srh.gov.br/
SOME CHALLENGES
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WATER AND SANITATION ISSUES
MDGs IMPLEMENTATION TARGETS
BALANCING
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
GOALS AND FISCAL CONSTRAINTS
REGIONAL INTEGRATION THROUGH WATERS
BUILDING
CAPACITY
AND
FOSTER
EMPOWERMENT
SETTING UP THE CULTURE OF WATER SECURITY
REFORM OF THE WATER RESOURCES SECTOR IN
BRAZIL INVOLVED: DECENTRALIZATION OF DECISIONS;
PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT AT THE RIVER BASIN
LEVEL; INDEPENDENT REGULATION OF WATER USE
AND UTILIZATION OF THE USER-PAYS AND POLLUTERPAYS PRINCIPLE
APPROPRIATE LEGISLATION IS A NECESSARY
CONDITION, BUT IS NOT ENOUGH. POLITICAL WILL AND
ADEQUATE INSTITUTIONS ARE FUNDAMENTAL FOR THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF WATER REFORM
IWRM CONCEPT IS FULLY INCORPORATED IN THE
BRAZILIAN WATER RESOURCES LEGISLATION
INTENSE PARTICIPATION OF ORGANIZED CIVIL
SOCIETY PROVIDED INNOVATIVE THINKING AND A
SUSTAINABLE FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION
gisela@ana.gov.br
www.ana.gov.br