Unit 2
Matter
Module 2
Classification of Matter by State
Matter can be classified based on its state or its composition
States of matter are the physical forms by which matter is
classified based upon the characteristics it exhibits
State of Matter
Differences in state are due to differences in the kinetic energy
of the particles of matter
There are five states of matter
States of Matter
Occurs as approach absolute zero
Characterized by almost no motion, meaning little to no
kinetic energy
All atoms merge into a superatom
Bose-Einstein Condensate
Have low kinetic energy
Held in place by electrostatic attraction
Two types: crystalline and amorphous
Solids
Have more kinetic energy than solids
Characterized by indefinite shape, definite volume and
viscosity (resistance to flow)
Liquids
Have more kinetic energy than liquids
Particles flow and expand, giving gases indefinite shape and
volume
Gases
VAPOR VS. GAS
Vapor: gaseous state of substance that is normally
solid or liquid at room temperature
All vapors are gases, but all gases are not vapors.
Most common form of matter: over 99% of visible universe
High kinetic energy strips electrons from atoms creating freefloating electrons (negative) and bare nuclei (positive)
Plasma
Chemistry studies only three states – solids, liquids, gases
They occur close to room temperature and pressure and they
are the three states generally found on Earth
States of Matter
SOLID
LIQUID
Shape
Volume
Compressibility
Packing
Particle Movement
Particle Order
Particle Energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
GAS
SOLID
Shape
LIQUID
Definite shape
Volume
Compressibility
Packing
Particle Movement
Particle Order
Particle Energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
GAS
SOLID
Shape
Definite shape
LIQUID
Indefinite shape
Volume
Compressibility
Packing
Particle Movement
Particle Order
Particle Energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
GAS
SOLID
Shape
Definite shape
LIQUID
Indefinite shape
GAS
Indefinite shape
Volume
Compressibility
Packing
Particle Movement
Particle Order
Particle Energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
SOLID
Shape
Definite shape
Volume
Definite volume
LIQUID
Indefinite shape
GAS
Indefinite shape
Compressibility
Packing
Particle Movement
Particle Order
Particle Energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
SOLID
LIQUID
Shape
Definite shape
Indefinite shape
Volume
Definite volume
Definite volume
GAS
Indefinite shape
Compressibility
Packing
Particle Movement
Particle Order
Particle Energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Shape
Definite shape
Indefinite shape
Indefinite shape
Volume
Definite volume
Definite volume
Indefinite volume
Compressibility
Packing
Particle Movement
Particle Order
Particle Energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Shape
Definite shape
Indefinite shape
Indefinite shape
Volume
Definite volume
Definite volume
Indefinite volume
Compressibility
Incompressible
Packing
Particle Movement
Particle Order
Particle Energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Shape
Definite shape
Indefinite shape
Indefinite shape
Volume
Definite volume
Definite volume
Indefinite volume
Compressibility
Incompressible
Virtually
incompressible
Packing
Particle Movement
Particle Order
Particle Energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Shape
Definite shape
Indefinite shape
Indefinite shape
Volume
Definite volume
Definite volume
Indefinite volume
Compressibility
Incompressible
Virtually
incompressible
Compressible
Packing
Particle Movement
Particle Order
Particle Energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Shape
Definite shape
Indefinite shape
Indefinite shape
Volume
Definite volume
Definite volume
Indefinite volume
Compressibility
Incompressible
Virtually
incompressible
Compressible
Packing
Tightly packed
Particle Movement
Particle Order
Particle Energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Shape
Definite shape
Indefinite shape
Indefinite shape
Volume
Definite volume
Definite volume
Indefinite volume
Compressibility
Incompressible
Virtually
incompressible
Compressible
Packing
Tightly packed
Loosely packed
Particle Movement
Particle Order
Particle Energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Shape
Definite shape
Indefinite shape
Indefinite shape
Volume
Definite volume
Definite volume
Indefinite volume
Compressibility
Incompressible
Virtually
incompressible
Compressible
Packing
Tightly packed
Loosely packed
No packing
Particle Movement
Particle Order
Particle Energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Shape
Definite shape
Indefinite shape
Indefinite shape
Volume
Definite volume
Definite volume
Indefinite volume
Compressibility
Incompressible
Virtually
incompressible
Compressible
Packing
Tightly packed
Loosely packed
No packing
Particle Movement
Slight vibration;
wiggling
Particle Order
Particle Energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Shape
Definite shape
Indefinite shape
Indefinite shape
Volume
Definite volume
Definite volume
Indefinite volume
Compressibility
Incompressible
Virtually
incompressible
Compressible
Packing
Tightly packed
Loosely packed
No packing
Particle Movement
Slight vibration;
wiggling
Slide and flow;
move past others
Particle Order
Particle Energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Shape
Definite shape
Indefinite shape
Indefinite shape
Volume
Definite volume
Definite volume
Indefinite volume
Compressibility
Incompressible
Virtually
incompressible
Compressible
Packing
Tightly packed
Loosely packed
No packing
Particle Movement
Slight vibration;
wiggling
Slide and flow;
move past others
Moving freely,
unrestricted
Particle Order
Particle Energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Shape
Definite shape
Indefinite shape
Indefinite shape
Volume
Definite volume
Definite volume
Indefinite volume
Compressibility
Incompressible
Virtually
incompressible
Compressible
Packing
Tightly packed
Loosely packed
No packing
Particle Movement
Slight vibration;
wiggling
Slide and flow;
move past others
Moving freely,
unrestricted
Particle Order
Highly ordered
Particle Energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Shape
Definite shape
Indefinite shape
Indefinite shape
Volume
Definite volume
Definite volume
Indefinite volume
Compressibility
Incompressible
Virtually
incompressible
Compressible
Packing
Tightly packed
Loosely packed
No packing
Particle Movement
Slight vibration;
wiggling
Slide and flow;
move past others
Moving freely,
unrestricted
Particle Order
Highly ordered
Medium order;
jumbled
Particle Energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Shape
Definite shape
Indefinite shape
Indefinite shape
Volume
Definite volume
Definite volume
Indefinite volume
Compressibility
Incompressible
Virtually
incompressible
Compressible
Packing
Tightly packed
Loosely packed
No packing
Particle Movement
Slight vibration;
wiggling
Slide and flow;
move past others
Moving freely,
unrestricted
Particle Order
Highly ordered
Medium order;
jumbled
No order
Particle Energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Shape
Definite shape
Indefinite shape
Indefinite shape
Volume
Definite volume
Definite volume
Indefinite volume
Compressibility
Incompressible
Virtually
incompressible
Compressible
Packing
Tightly packed
Loosely packed
No packing
Particle Movement
Slight vibration;
wiggling
Slide and flow;
move past others
Moving freely,
unrestricted
Particle Order
Highly ordered
Medium order;
jumbled
No order
Particle Energy
Low energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Shape
Definite shape
Indefinite shape
Indefinite shape
Volume
Definite volume
Definite volume
Indefinite volume
Compressibility
Incompressible
Virtually
incompressible
Compressible
Packing
Tightly packed
Loosely packed
No packing
Particle Movement
Slight vibration;
wiggling
Slide and flow;
move past others
Moving freely,
unrestricted
Particle Order
Highly ordered
Medium order;
jumbled
No order
Particle Energy
Low energy
Medium energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Shape
Definite shape
Indefinite shape
Indefinite shape
Volume
Definite volume
Definite volume
Indefinite volume
Compressibility
Incompressible
Virtually
incompressible
Compressible
Packing
Tightly packed
Loosely packed
No packing
Particle Movement
Slight vibration;
wiggling
Slide and flow;
move past others
Moving freely,
unrestricted
Particle Order
Highly ordered
Medium order;
jumbled
No order
Particle Energy
Low energy
Medium energy
High energy
Phases (States) of Matter
IMF
IMF
Intramolecular forces
Physical forces holding particles together
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Shape
Definite shape
Indefinite shape
Indefinite shape
Volume
Definite volume
Definite volume
Indefinite volume
Compressibility
Incompressible
Virtually
incompressible
Compressible
Packing
Tightly packed
Loosely packed
No packing
Particle Movement
Slight vibration;
wiggling
Slide and flow;
move past others
Moving freely,
unrestricted
Particle Order
Highly ordered
Medium order;
jumbled
No order
Particle Energy
Low energy
Medium energy
High energy
IMF
Strong IMF
Phases (States) of Matter
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Shape
Definite shape
Indefinite shape
Indefinite shape
Volume
Definite volume
Definite volume
Indefinite volume
Compressibility
Incompressible
Virtually
incompressible
Compressible
Packing
Tightly packed
Loosely packed
No packing
Particle Movement
Slight vibration;
wiggling
Slide and flow;
move past others
Moving freely,
unrestricted
Particle Order
Highly ordered
Medium order;
jumbled
No order
Particle Energy
Low energy
Medium energy
High energy
IMF
Strong IMF
Medium IMF
Phases (States) of Matter
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Shape
Definite shape
Indefinite shape
Indefinite shape
Volume
Definite volume
Definite volume
Indefinite volume
Compressibility
Incompressible
Virtually
incompressible
Compressible
Packing
Tightly packed
Loosely packed
No packing
Particle Movement
Slight vibration;
wiggling
Slide and flow;
move past others
Moving freely,
unrestricted
Particle Order
Highly ordered
Medium order;
jumbled
No order
Particle Energy
Low energy
Medium energy
High energy
IMF
Strong IMF
Medium IMF
Weak/low IMF
Phases (States) of Matter
• Occur as particles of matter absorb kinetic energy
(endothermic) or release kinetic energy (exothermic)
Phase Changes
Endothermic
Exothermic
• Fusion or melting (solid
to liquid)
• Vaporization or boiling
(liquid to gas)
• Condensation (gas to
liquid)
• Solidification or freezing
(liquid to solid)
• Deposition (gas to solid)
• Evaporation is vaporization
only on the surface of a
liquid
• Sublimation (solid to gas)
Phase Changes
Unit 2
Matter
Module 2
Classification of Matter