Papers due WEDNESDAY.
Theodor Herzl 1860-1904
• Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State)
• World Zionist Organization
Where to put a Jewish state?
• Britain offered land in Uganda
• WZO split over the issue.
ALIYA “going up” to Israel
• 1882-1913: first mass migrations.
• Start of Kibbutz movement: collective
farms.
W W I 1914-1918
• Palestine under control of Turkey
– Ottoman Empire
• After war, Britain is in control
1917 Balfour declaration
• “Jewish Homeland” promised by Britain
• “Best efforts” extend only to the point
where efforts would lead to discrimination
anywhere.
WWI
• British pacified Arabs, promised Palestine
to them for aid in fighting Turks.
Post W W I
• More migrations in 1920’s
• Jewish socialist movements in Palestine
• Hopes that social reforms would put
Judaism at the peak of human culture.
Jewish Arab relations
• 1920’s growing militancy in Zionist
movement.
• Hopes for a JEWISH state but non-Jews
must be given full rights
• Arab fighters assisted by Britain.
• Jewish immigration banned.
W W II
• Growing militancy in Palestine:
• Jewish police force forms,
• Paramilitary organizations grow.
Post W W II
• Britain rejects Zionist proposals
• Secret immigration and violence
1947 United Nations
• USA USSR agree to a Jewish state
• British Mandate ended
UN Plan
• 2 States
• Jerusalem International city.
• Jewish state relatively small.
1948
• 14 May Provisional government declared
• 15 May British rule ends
1st Arab Israeli War
• 1948-49
• Stalemate
• Many Palestinian refugees.
• Arab states often rejected them.
Population shifts: late 40’s 50’s
• Massive immigration to Jews into Israel
• Large scale refugee movements:
Palestinians out of Israel.
• Wholesale expulsions of Jews from Arab
nations.
Law of Return
• “Every Jew has the right to come to Israel
as an immigrant”
1956 Second war
• Egypt nationalizes
Suez canal
• Brit. France mobilize
• Egypt Masses troops
on Israeli border
• Isr. Attacks, reaches
canal in 4 days
• Withdrawal from Sinai
“6 Day War”
June 1967
• Arab states plan to attack Israel
• Israel strikes first.
Occupied Territories
• Sinai peninsula
• Gaza Strip
• West Bank (Jordan)
• Golan Heights (Syria)
• Jerusalem.
Yom Kippur War
Oct. 6-24 1973
• Egypt attacks across Suez
• Syria attacks Golan Heights
• Israeli counterattacks regain land.
Hope for Peace?
• 1979.
• Sadat of Egypt signs peace deal with
Begin of Israel
• “Camp David”
• 1981. Sadat assassinated by Islamicist
extremists.
• Israel withdraws again from Egyptian
territory.
1994
• Yitzhak Rabin makes peace agreement
with Palestinians.
Assisinated in 1995 by Jewish radical.
Issues in Israel
• How “religious” should the country be?
• How much of the bible story should govern
policies?
– Davidic empire?
– Are Arabs “Canaanites”?
• Who is a Jew?
• Jews who convert to Christianity?
• Secular Jews?