Office Hours:
History 301
Fall 2005
Monday and Wednesday
MW 11:30-12:20 and 12:30-13:20
ENG Auditorium
Yonca Köksal SOS 231 M. W. 14:00-16:00
Zafer Toprak SOS 238 M. W. 14:00-16:00
Instructors: Eda Daloğlu, Pelin Aksoy,
Nazan Albayrak, Hande Bayrak, Yener
Erköse, Sevgi Günay, Duygu Parmaksızoğlu
SOS 171, SOS 243 and SOS 245
Hist 301
History of the Turkish Revolution
This course covers the general outlines of the evolution of reforms in the history of Turkey.
This subject will treat not only the reforms of the Republican period, but also those of the
Ottoman period that led to the foundation of the Turkish Republic. This course is a unified
approach including the political, economic and social aspects of Turkish reforms. This
semester will concentrate on the reforms of the Ottoman period that led to the foundation of
the Turkish Republic.
Course Requirements:
Grading will be as follows:
1) discussion session: 30
a) participation: 15
-- pop quizzes: 8
-- participation to class discussions: 7 (≠ attendance)
b) presentation: 15
If you miss more than 3 discussion sessions with or without medical excuses, you will not
get any points for the discussion session.
2) mid-term exam: 35%
3) final exam: 35%
The readings are electronically available at:
http://libunix.ku.edu.tr/search/r?SEARCH=hist+301&SUBMIT=Search
For further information on this matter please see İlkay Gürbüz at Suna Kıraç Library.
In the examinations, students will be responsible for material covered in both the
lectures and the readings.
It is required that students do not miss the exams (in case of illness, a valid medical
excuse has to be submitted within one week of absence).
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Attendance:
The general catalogue of the university states: “Students are required to attend all classes”
(p.58).
Academic Honesty:
Please refer to p. 60 of the general catalogue.
Class Schedule:
Week I: September 26 – 28
After the French Revolution: Europe and the Ottoman Empire
Nation-state, secularization and bureaucratization
Wim Blockmans, “Europe on the Move,” chapter in A History of Power in Europe, Antwerp:
Fonds Mercator, 1997, pp: 315-361.
Week II: October 3 – October 5
Ottomans in Search of Modernity
The classical system, Millets, administration, taxation
Norman Itzkowitz, “Ottoman Society and Institutions” and “Ottoman Consciousness,” in
Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition, pp. 37-62, 87-109.
Week III: October 10– October 12
Early Reforms and the Eastern Question
Eastern Question, Mahmud II, military reform and the end of ayans, economy
Erik J. Zürcher, “Between Tradition and Innovation: Sultan Selim III and the ‘New Order’,
1789-1807” and “The Early Years of Sultan Mahmut II: the centre tries to regain control,”
chapter in Turkey – A Modern History, by Erik J. Zürcher, I. B. Tauris, 1997, pp: 23-51.
A.L. Macfie, “The Eastern Question” and “The Great Powers and the Ottoman Empire,”
chapter in The Eastern Question by A.L. MacFie, Longman, 1996, pp: 1-4 and 74-77.
Week IV: October 17 – October 19
The French Revolution and the Tanzimat Edict: A Proto-Constitution
The Reform Edict; premises and the Reception Movement, education
Erik J. Zürcher, “The Era of the Tanzimat, 1839-71,” chapter in Turkey – A Modern History,
by Erik J. Zürcher, I. B. Tauris, 1997, pp: 52-74.
Ilber Ortaylı, “Laik Hukuk ve Eğitimin Gelişmesi” chapter in İmparatorluğun En Uzun
Yüzyılı, pp: 151-178.
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Week V: October 24- October 26 and November 1
The Reign of Abdulhamid II and Political Opposition
The First Constitution and the Parliament; Young Ottomans, the Foundation of PDA; the
Young Turks Young Ottomans and Young Turks, educational reforms, censorship
Erik J. Zürcher, “The Crisis of 1873-8,” and “Reactionary Despotism or Culmination of the
Reforms?” chapters in Turkey – A Modern History, by Erik J. Zürcher, I. B. Tauris, 1997,
pp: 75-94.
Şükrü Hanioğlu, The Young Turks in Opposition, New York : Oxford University Press, 1995,
pp. 16-32 and 200-208.
Week VI: November 7-November 9
Ottoman Economy in the 19th Century
Liberalism, Fiscalism (economic policies), land, labor, capital, end of guilds
Donald Quataert, “The Ottoman Economy,” chapter in The Ottoman Empire 1700-1922,
Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp. 110-39.
Week VII: November 14-November 16
The “Fin-de-Siecle” Ottoman Empire: Social Structure, Public Culture and Diversity
Gender issues, change in the millet, women, family life, religion
Roderic Davison, “The Millets as Agents of Change in the 19th Century Ottoman Empire,” in
eds. B. Lewis & B. Bradue, Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire, pp. 319-337.
D. Quataert, “Ottoman Society and Popular Culture,” chapter in The Ottoman Empire, 17001922, pp. 140-171.
Mid-Term Nov 17, 2004 5:00 pm
Week IX: November 21- November 23
The Young Turks and the Unionists: Nationalist Response to Nationalisms
The Young Turk Revolution of 1908; the Ottoman Parliament; the Balkan Wars, Word War I;
the National Economy; the Emancipation of Woman
Roderic H. Davison, “From Empire to Republic, 1909-1923,” in Turkey, Prentice Hall, Inc.,
1968, pp. 109-127.
Feroz Ahmad, “The Constitutional Revolution, Reform, and War, 1908-1918,” in Turkey –
The Quest for Identity, Oxford; Oneworld, 2003, pp. 49-73.
Week X: November 28- November 30
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War and Peace: A Path towards a Homogeneous Nation State
The Fall of the Ottoman Empire; the Armistice; The Sèvres Treaty; The Struggle for
Independence; the Lausanne Treaty.
Zafer Toprak, “Nationalism and Economics in the Young Turk Era (1908-1918),” in
Industrialisation, Communication et Rapports Sociaux en Turquie et en Mediterranée
Orientale,(eds. Jacques Thobie et Salgur Kançal) Paris; L’Harmattan, 1994, s. 260-266.
A. L. Macfie, “The End of the Ottoman Empire,” in The End of the Ottoman Empire, 19081923, Longman, 1998, pp. 182-208.
Week XI: December 5- December 7
From Empire to Nation: The Emergence of Modern Turkey
The 1924 Constitution; the foundation of the Republican People’s Party; Early Reforms; the
Legal Reception Movement; the Great Speech and the Congress of 1927; the Uprisings.
Bernard Lewis, “The Kemalist Republic,” chapter in The Emergence of Modern Turkey,
Oxford University Press, 1968, pp. 238-293.
Feroz Ahmad, “The Kemalist Era, 1919-1938” in Turkey – The Quest for Identity, Oxford;
Oneworld, 2003, pp. 75-94.
Week XII: December 12 – December 14
Reforms and The Single-Party Era
The 1931 and 1935 Congresses of the RPP; The Opposition; New Cultural Institutions and
Reforms; Turkey on the Eve of World War II.
Kemal Karpat, “The Establishment and Development of the Republic,” chapter in Turkey’s
Politics – The Transition to a Multi-Party System, by Kemal H. Karpat, Princeton University
Press, 1959, pp: 32-76.
Week XIII: December 19 – December 21
Turkish Economy and Society in the Inter-War Years : 1923-1939
İzmir Economic Congress; National Economic Policy; Great Depression; Economic
Recession and Distress; Economic Planning in the 30s’; Sumerbank and Etibank
Bent Hansen, “Postwar Recovery, 1923-29,” chapter in The Political Economy of Poverty,
Equity, and Growth – Egypt and Turkey, Oxford University Press, 1991, pp. 312-318.
Bent Hansen, “The Etatist Experiment, 1929-50,” chapter in The Political Economy of
Poverty, Equity, and Growth – Egypt and Turkey, Oxford University Press, 1991, pp. 319336.
Kemal Karpat, “The Economic and Social Transformation,” chapter in Turkey’s Politics –
The Transition to a Multi-Party System, by Kemal H. Karpat, Princeton University Press,
1959, pp: 77-97.
Week XIV: December 26 – December 28
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The Second World War and the End of the Single-Party Era
“National Chief” and the RPP; Turkish Neutrality; War Economy and Inflation; National
Defence Law; the Capital Tax; the Lot of the Peasantry
Kemal Karpat, “The Social Classes and Wartime Developments,” chapter in Turkey’s Politics
– The Transition to a Multi-Party System, by Kemal H. Karpat, Princeton University Press,
1959, pp: 98-133.
Kemal Karpat, “Modern Turkey,” chapter in The Cambridge History of Islam, volume I,
edited by P.M. Hold, Ann K. S. Lambton & Bernard Lewis, Cambridge University Press,
1970, pp. 527-565.
Week XV: January 2 – January 4
The Coming of Democracy
Bernard Lewis, “The Republic after Kemal,” chapter in The Emergence of Modern Turkey,
Oxford University Press, 1968, pp. 294-319.
Feroz Ahmad, “Towards Multi-Party Politics and Democracy, 1938-1960,” in Turkey – The
Quest for Identity, Oxford; Oneworld, 2003, pp. 75-94.
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