Mrs. Yanac
 Greek

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Oikos = household/home
Logos = study of
“Study of household/home”
 Real

origin
meaning
Study of organisms & their environment or
surroundings
 “Ida,
please come eat baked beans”
 All
the life on the
planet PLUS
the land
(lithosphere)
 the water
(hydrosphere)
 the air
(atmosphere)

 Biotic

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
(Living)
Plants
Animals
Fungi
Microorganisms
 Abiotic

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Factors
Light
Water
Wind
Soil
Heat
Atmosphere
 Sunlight
is the main energy source for all life
on Earth

Producers (AUTOTROPHS)


Consumers (HETEROTROPHS)


Green plants & Photosynthetic organisms
Herbivores & Carnivores
Decomposers (HETEROTROPHS)

Fungi & Bacteria
 Autotrophs
(plants
& some
microorganisms)
use light to make
food
 These producers
are found at the
beginning of the
food chain
 Shows
a one-way
flow of energy
 Links
or connects ALL the food chains in an
ecosystem together.
 Producers

Get energy from the sun or
chemicals
 Primary

Consumers
Consumes producers
 Secondary

Consumes primary
consumers
 Tertiary

Consumers
Consumers
Consumes
Secondary/Primary
Consumers
 Only
10% of the
energy is passed
on to the next
trophic level
 The remaining
90% of energy is
lost as heat
 All
major components of life are neither
created nor destroyed, they are just
recycled.
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Water – all living things need water to survive
Carbon – key component of living tissue
Nitrogen – used to make amino acids, which are
the building blocks of proteins
Phosphorous – essential to living organisms
because it forms part of DNA & RNA
A
chemical needed for growth that is either
missing or only available in a small amount
 Algae needs both phosphorous and nitrogen
to grow


if one of these is limited the algae can not
continue to grow
If one of these is abundant the algae will grow
until resources are used up

Algal blooms  deplete oxygen levels in water & toxic
to aquatic life
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What are the levels of organization in the
biosphere?
What are the trophic levels found in a food
chain?
What are ABIOTIC factors in the
environment? BIOTIC factors?
Where does all energy flow begin?
How much energy is transferred to the next
trophic level?
What is a limiting nutrient?