How did
this …
Become
this?
The Seven Years War
From 1754 to 1763 Great Britain and France
_______ for _______ of the
_______ _______ _______.
In North America it was called the
French and Indian War.
Beginning in 1756 it spread from North America
to world wide proportions and became known
as The Seven Years War.
The Seven Years War
• What were the causes of the war?
• What were the major occurrences
during the war?
• What were the effects, long and short
term, of the war?
• What developed as a result of the
effects of the war?
The Seven Years War
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The Seven Years War
The Wars Between France and England from 1689 to 1750
King William’s War (League of Augsburg) – 1689-1697
Began in 1688 when France invaded the Palatinate (an area of “Germany) in support of Louis XIV’s sister.
Originally fought between France and The League of Augsburg (Austria, Bavaria, Brandenburg, England, the
Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands, the Palatinate of the Rhine, Portugal, Saxony, Spain, Sweden, and the
United Provinces.)
England joined the war in 1689 when William of Orange, who dispossessed James II (his father in law) and the
League became known as the Grand Alliance.
Queen Anne’s War (War of Spanish Succession) 1702-1713
Began when the last Spanish Hapsburg left his estate to Louis XIV’s grandson.
Leopold I of the Holy Roman Empire fought to protect his claims against the inheritance.
France and Spain against the Holy Roman Empire, the United Provinces, England and others.
King George’s War (War of Austrian Succession) 1745-1748
Began when Maria Theresa of Austria succeeded her father and Frederick II of Prussia invaded Silesia.
Fought between Austria, Bohemia, Russia & Great Britain and Prussia, France, Spain, Bavaria & Sweden
The Seven Years War
The Three Phases of the War
1. 1753 to 1756
2. 1756 to 1757
3. 1758 to 1763
The Seven Years War
Important Events of 1753 - 1754
The French move into the ____ _____ area when they hear reports of English
traders entering the area.
The English respond and are __________ __________.
At the ______ Congress, a “Plan of Unification” is constructed and sent out but
fails to gain approval of a single colonial assembly.
The Indian tribes align with the ______ against the _______.
The Seven Years War
1753 & 1754
As early as 1749,
French forces
penetrated to the
confluence of the
Alleghany and
Monongahela
Rivers (called “The
Forks of the Ohio”
or simply “The
Forks”).
In 1753 the French
established forts
Presque Island, La
Boeuf an
Marchault
(Venango.
The French
planned to build a
fort at the Forks in
1754.
In response Britain
moved to establish
its presence in the
area.
Both Pennsylvania
and Virginia were
playing and being
played by the
Indians of the area
against one
another.
Gov. Dinwiddie of
Virginia sends a
force to the Forks
in April 1754 and
work begins on an
English fort there.
The French force
the English to
retreat.
Construction of
Fort Necessity
begins.
The Seven Years War
1753 & 1754
Robert Dinwiddie
Lt. Governor of Virginia 1751-58.
Requires that Virginia pay a _______ tax: although his
right, no prior officials had enforced this act and this leads
to resentment and bitter feeling toward him (Anderson p.
40).
The _______ Company makes Dinwiddie a share holder
(Anderson p. 30).
Threatened by the French presence, begins construction at
the Forks.
During the seven years of
Dinwiddie's term he was a staunch
advocate of the authority of Great
Britain over the colonies.
He has been called the "Grandfather
of the American Revolution" because
of his patronage of George
Washington, but he was not and never
became a supporter of colonial rights.
He sends messages to all the colonies regarding the
confrontations in the west and asking them for their
assistance should it become necessary.
•Prior to calling the House of Burgess into assembly
Dinwiddie makes war preparations and then expects the
Burgess to ______ the _______.
The Seven Years War
1753 & 1754
The Albany Congress
The Albany Congress met in Albany from June 19 to
July 11, 1754. Holding daily meetings at the City
Hall, official delegates from seven colonies
considered strategies for Indian diplomacy and put
forth the so-called Albany Plan of Union.
The Mohawks and other Native groups were
represented at the meetings as well.
Albany Plan of Union 1754
It is proposed that humble application be made for an act of Parliament of Great
Britain, by virtue of which one general government may be formed in America,
including all the said colonies, within and under which government each colony
may retain its present constitution, except in the particulars wherein a change may
be directed by the said act, as hereafter follows.
The Seven Years War
Important Events of 1755
The French suffer defeat at Fort Beausejour
The French install Vaudreuil as governor of New France
Braddock takes over as commander in chief in the British colonies
Braddock marches on the French at the Forks and is defeated
Shirley marches on Niagara and is defeated
Initial skirmishes in the Lake George area (Johnson wins at Lake George but is
defeated at Crown Point.
The British expel the Acadians
The Seven Years War
1755
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The Seven Years War
1755
The Seven Years War
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The Seven Years War
Results
France relinquished any and all control of any colonies on North America
including ________.
Spain, who had entered the war as France’s ally, ceded ________ to England.
France signed _____________ over to Spain.
Britain was firmly in control of the North American continent east of the
_______________ __________.
The American Indians could no longer play the middle man pitting the French
against the English.
English colonists saw the west as ______ and began to push into the new land
despite the aims and goals of British policy makers.
The Seven Years War
Consequences
Britain was firmly in control of the North American continent east of the
Mississippi River.
Both France and England had amassed __________ __________.
England passed many new ____ and ___ in an attempt to raise revenue to pay
off their debt: most directly impacted the ________ ________ ________.
England saw the colonies as __________ at best and __________ at worst.
British Expansion - 1776
The Seven Years War
Reactions
England saw the colonies as unappreciative at best and disloyal at worst.
Colonists had often refused to follow English officers into battle. British
officers held the colonials in low regard and did not consider them to have
any will to fight.
New England shipping companies had continued to _____ with the French
in the West Indies: they were seen as more interested in profit than ______.
Colonial congresses and assemblies had been reluctant to levy taxes on the
colonists but gladly accept funds from the Royal Treasury: this led the
government to enact means by which they could recoup some of the cost
of the war.
These reactions led to resentment on the part of the home islands who felt
the war had been fought largely for the _______ of the ___________.
The Seven Years War
Reactions
The colonists viewed the same events much differently.
•With the French gone and the threat removed, the colonists did not feel there
was a need for the ________ ________ of British regulars in their cities and
towns.
•The colonists felt they had, in effect, put their lives on hold to fight the war:
with it over, they turn back to personal concerns rather than those of the
crown.
•A ______ ______ was slowly beginning to emerge in which the colonists no
longer pictured themselves as English.
•Many colonial volunteers resented the condescending attitude displayed by
their “betters” – the regular offices during the war.
•Merchants could not understand why they had to conform to the wishes and
desires of the home islands – what was wrong with private profit?
The Seven Years War
Effects
• Despite the joy of victory, rifts began to appear in the relationship between the ______
__________ and the __________.
• The crown began to __________ __________ and raise revenue to pay for the war.
• As control tightened and taxes were raised, __________ toward the crown built in the
colonies.
• The rift would eventually become so wide that the two would drift further and further
apart.
• Eventually these reactions led to the colonies declaring their independence and thus
England would “loose” much of what it gained during the war.
• France, seeing a chance to ____ the _____ with England, would come to the aid of the
colonists during their war for independence.
• France too would suffer a __________ – an internal bloody revolution as the peasantry
rebelled against the _____ levied on them for the Seven Years War and the aid
provided to the American colonies.