Survey of Living Things
Unique features & adaptations
DOMAINS EUBACTERIA AND
ARCHAEA
Chemoheterotrophic bacteria
Chemoautotrophic bacteria
Autotrophic (cyanobacteria)
DOMAIN EUKARYA
Kingdom Protista
PROTOZOA (Animal-like)
Example organisms
prokaryotic, 1-10 um, unicellular, 1
chromosome in a circular loop, cell walls
present, no nucleus
decomposers; gets E and C by eating dead bacteria in the soil and on bottom of
organic matter, some cause disease
lakes, streams, and ocean; a few cause
disease
uses H2S or other inorganic molecules as deep sea vent bacteria
energy source and CO2 as carbon source
photosynthetic; uses sunlight for energy
and CO2 for carbon, ancient cell types,
grows in ponds, blue-green
Eukaryotic, 10-100um in size, multiple
linear chromosomes, nucleus present
Spirulina, Oscillatoria, species which
forms stromatolite mounds
eukaryotic, 10-50 um, unicellular or
simple multicellular, heterotrophic or
autotrophic
Heterotrophic, moves by means of cilia,
pseudopodia, or flagella
Amoebas
Moves by means of pseudopodia (false
feet)
Flagellates
Moves by means of flagella (whip-like
tail)
Ciliates
Moves by means of cilia (beds of tiny
hairs)
Pond amoeba, amoebic dysentery
disease, foraminifera and radiolarians in
ocean
Euglena, Giardia, trypanosomes
(African sleeping sickness)
Paramecium
BIOS 140 Study Guide
pg 1
Picture/sketch
(you fill this in)
Sporozoans (apicomplexans)
SLIME MOLDS (Fungus-like)
ALGAES (Plant-like)
Diatoms
Dinoflagellates
Red, brown and green algaes (seaweeds)
Kingdom Fungi
Club fungi
Sac fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Bryophytes
Ferns
Gymnosperms
Some move by flagella, form spores
Plasmodium (malaria)
Single-celled with many nuclei, very thin,
oozes along with pseudopodia, lives in
soil, rotting logs, leaves (decomposer)
Autotrophic (photosynthetic), either
unicellular or multicellular, relatively
simple compared to plants
unicellular, photosyn.; abundant, centric
diatoms have epitheca/hypotheca
frustule,(SiO2)
unicellular, photosyn; cause of red tides;
two flagella/groove; biolum.
slime molds
multicellular, photosynthetic,
phycoerythrin, carotenoids &
chlorophylls, holdfast/stipe/blade
eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular;
saprophytic or parasitic; spores and
hyphae, dikaryotic life stage
Fruiting body where spores are made
stands upright like a club
bull kelp, sea palms, sea lettuce, sea
tongue
most abundant phytoplankton in the
ocean, producer of much oxygen
Gonylaulax (secretes saxitoxin),
Alexandria
mushrooms, black bread mold
Fruiting body where spores are made
Penicillium mold, athlete’s foot, wheat
contains several microscopic sacs like pea rust; baker’s yeast (unicellular)
pods. Some unicellular members
eukaryotic,10-100um, multicellular,
photosynthetic
no vascular system, root-like rhizoids,
must live near water, small, dominant
haploid stage
spore former (seedless), vascular system
with xylem and phloem, must live near
water, dominant diploid stage
seeds form in open scales of cones,
vascular system, needle-like or scale-like
leaves, evergreen, pollen and ovules
produced separately in cones
mosses, liverworts, hornworts
bracken fern, sword fern
douglas fir, western white pine, western
red cedar, yew, (gingko), redwood trees
BIOS 140 Study Guide
pg 2
Angiosperms
seeds form in closed ovaries in flowers,
vascular system, broad leaves, deciduous,
pollen and ovules form in parts of a
flower. Fruit develops to enclose many
seeds
Kingdom Animalia
eukaryotic, 10-100 um, multicellular,
heterotrophic
INVERTEBRATES
No spinal cord or internal jointed
skeleton, no skull or jaws, limited activity
Monocots: grasses, lilies
Dicots: dogwood, alder, cherry, birch,
elm, horse chestnut, rhododendron,
geranium, tulip
Sponges (Phylum Porifera)
blob-shaped, asymmetrical, pore cells,
osculum
red or purple encrusting sponges,
potter’s sponge
Cnidarians (Phylum Cnidaria)
radial symmetry, stinging nematocysts,
polyp/medusa
jellyfish, Port. Man-o-war, anemones,
corals
Flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes)
bilateral symmetry, head and tail
flattened, deposit feeder or parasitic
turbellelarian worms, tapeworms, flukes
Round Worms (Phylum Nematoda)
circular in cross section, parasitic or
heterotrophic, many in soil, complete gut,
bilateral symmetry
bilateral symmetry, complete gut, simple
“hearts”, segmented, round in cross
section
soft body, shell, mantle, foot, radula,
gills; grazers, filter feeders or predators
Anasakis (sushi worm), hookworm,
Trichinella worm (uncooked pork)
Segmented Worms (Phylum Annelida)
Molluscs (Phylum Mollusca)
Arthropods (Phylum Arthropoda)
Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata)
VERTEBRATES (mostly Chordates)
segmented (head/ thorax/abdomen),
jointed feet, chitinous exoskeleton,
bilateral symm., molting, respiratory
system, division of labor
pentaradial symmetry, tube feet, spiny
skin; grazers, predators
earthworms, polychaete worms like tube
worms, leeches
Gastropods: snails, slugs, limpets
Bivalves: clams and oysters
Cephalopods: octopuses and cuttlefish
Crustaceans: barnacles, pill bugs, crabs
Spiders, Centipedes, and Millipedes
Insects (beetles, flies, wasps and bees,
butterflies)
sea stars, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, sea
urchins, sand dollars
vertebrates, hollow nerve cord, gill slits,
brain, skull
BIOS 140 Study Guide
pg 3
Jawless Fish (Class Agnatha)
feed by suction (vacuum mouth), no
paired fins
lampreys and hagfish
Cartilaginous Fish (Class Chondrichthyes)
moveable jaws, teeth, arrow scales,
cartilaginous skeleton
sharks, skates, rays
Bony Fish (Class Osteichthyes)
bony skeleton, operculum, fin rays, swim
bladder, flex. fins
trout, salmon, tuna, sardines, cod,
goldfish
Amphibians (Class Amphibia)
wet slimy skin, must live near water, legs
for crawling, gills as larvae but lungs as
adult, metamorphosis, evolved from
lobefin fish
ectotherms, air breathing lungs, amniotic
eggs, scales, shell, strong legs
frogs, toads, salamanders, caecilians
(legless)
hollow bones, feathers, beaks,
endotherms, lay eggs, can fly!, evolved
from reptiles
endotherms, fur, mammary glands, big
brain, specialized dentition, most have
placenta and young are born live; evolved
from therapsid dinosaurs
Perching birds (jays, swallows,
sparrows, etc), raptors, gulls, waterfowl
Reptiles (Class Reptilia)
Birds (Class Aves)
Mammals (Class Mammalia)
turtles, lizards, snakes, alligators and
crocodiles, tuatara, dinosaurs
Egg layers: platypus, echidna
Pouch animals (marsupials): kangaroos,
opossums, koala bears
Placentals: dog, whale, deer, rabbit, bat,
primates (including humans)
BIOS 140 Study Guide
pg 4