Muscles of the Torso and Limbs
 Naming Conventions
 Head and Neck Muscles Trunk
Muscles
 Muscles of the Upper Arm
 Muscles of the Lower Arm and
Hand
 Muscles of the Hip and Upper Leg
 Muscles of Lower Leg and Foot
Types of Muscles (By Function)
 Prime mover – muscle with the major responsibility for a certain
movement
 Antagonist – muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover
 Synergist – muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps
prevent rotation
The biceps and triceps are
antagonists
Naming Conventions of Skeletal Muscles
 Direction of muscle fibers
•
Example: rectus (straight)
 Relative size of the muscle
•
Example: maximus (largest)
 Location of the muscle
•
Example: many muscles are named for bones (e.g., temporalis)
 Number of origins
•
Example: triceps (three heads)
 Location of the muscle’s origin and insertion
•
Example: sterno (on the sternum)
 Shape of the muscle
•
Example: deltoid (triangular)
 Action of the muscle
•
Example: flexor and extensor (flexes or extends a bone)
Head and Neck Muscles
Occipitofrontalis (epicranius)
Frontal belly (o:gal apo,
i: skin eyebrws, nose)
(Galea aponeurotica)
Corrugator supercilii
Orbicularis oculi (o:frntl,
max bones, i: tissue eyeld)
Levator labii superioris
Occipital belly
(o:occ & temprl, i: gal
apon)
Zygomaticus major
(o:zyg arch & bone, i: ramus mand)
(o:manub stern, med clav, i: mast proc temprl)
Depressor labii inferioris
Posterior belly
Anterior belly
Digastric
Splenius capitus
External
Intercostal
(o:inf brdr rib above, i: sup brdr rib below )
Inspiration muscles
(a)
Internal
Intercostal
Expiration muscles
(o:sup bord rib below, i: inf bord rib abv )
Figure 10.10a
Clavicle
Sternum
Serratus anterior
Humerus
(a)
Scapula-rotating,
arm raising muscle
Figure 10.13a
Trunk Muscles
Pectoralis minor
Diaphragm
(o:pub crst & symph, i:
xiph proc stern & cost
carts )
Pectoralis major
(o:stern end clav, stern,
cost cart, i: grtr tubcle hum
& intrtub sulc)
Internal (o:sup
bord rib below, i: inf
bord rib abv )
and external
(o:inf brdr rib above,
i: sup brdr rib below )
intercostals
Anterior views of trunk
Figure 6.16
Deep Trunk and Arm Muscles
Supraspinatus (o:supsp foss
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid major
Infraspinatus
(o:lat clav,
acrom & spine
scap, I: delt
tuber hum )
Teres
major
(o:lmbr vert,ilc
crst, i: intertub
sulc hum )
Posterior views of trunk
scap, i: grtr tubcle hum )
Splenius
capitus
Clavicle
Deltoid
Sternum
Pectoralis major
Triceps brachii:
(o:post shaft humerus, lat border by
glen cav scap, i: olecranon process)
Lateral head
Long head
Medial head
Biceps brachii (o:cor proc scap, top
glen foss, intertub sulc hum; I: radial tub hum)
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
(a) Anterior view
Figure 10.14a
Supraspinatus*
Spine of scapula
Deltoid (cut)
Greater tubercle
of humerus
Infraspinatus*
Teres major
Triceps brachii:
Lateral head
Long head
Latissimus dorsi
Humerus
Olecranon
process
of ulna
(b) Posterior view
Figure 10.14b
Flexor digitorum
superficialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
(o:medl epicond hum; I: base 2nd,3rd metcpls)
Flexor pollicis longus
Brachioradialis
Medial epicondyle
of humerus
Tendon of biceps brachii
Medial head of
triceps brachii
Biceps brachii
(a)
Figure 10.15a
Tendons of extensor
digitorum
Extensor pollicis
longus
Extensor digitorum
Extensor carpi
radialis brevis
Tendons of extensor carpi
radialis brevis and longus
Extensor carpi
ulnaris
Flexor carpi
ulnaris
(o:lat epicon hum; I: base 3rd metacpl)
Insertion of
triceps brachii
Brachioradialis
(a)
Figure 10.16a
Muscles of the Torso and Limbs
 Naming Conventions
 Head and Neck Muscles Trunk
Muscles
 Muscles of the Upper Arm
 Muscles of the Lower Arm and
Hand
 Muscles of the Hip and Upper Leg
 Muscles of Lower Leg and Foot
12th rib
12th thoracic vertebra
Iliac crest
Anterior superior iliac spine
Illiopsoas
5th lumbar vertebra
Psoas major
Illiacus
Sartorius
(o:ant sup ilc spine; i: med. prox. tibia)
Quadriceps femoris
Adductor longus
Gracilis
(o:ant & lat thigh; i: patella & tib tuber.)
• Rectus femoris
(o:ant inf ilc spine & sup acetab; I: pat & tib tuber)
• Vastus lateralis
(o:greater trocantr fmr; I: patella & tib tuber)
• Vastus medialis
(o:intertroch line fmr; I: patella & tib tuber
Tendon of quadriceps femoris
Patella
Patellar ligament
(a)
Figure 10.19a
Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
(o:dors illm, sacrm,coxcy, i: gluteal tuber fmr & tibia))
Gracilis
Long head Biceps
Short head femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Hamstrings
(a)
Figure 10.20a
Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
Gracilis
Long head Biceps
Short head femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Hamstrings
(a)
Figure 10.20a
Fibularis longus
Gastrocnemius (o:med. & lat. condyles fmr; i: post. calcan.)
Tibia
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Soleus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius
(a)
Figure 10.21a
Muscles of the Lower Leg
(o:med. & lat.
condyles fmr; i:
post. calcan.)
Patella
Head of fibula
Gastrocnemius
(o:med. & lat. condyles fmr; i: post. calcan.)
Soleus
Fibularis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Flexor hallucis longus
(o:mid shaft fibula; i: under foot to dist phalx toe)
Extensor hallucis brevis
Lateral malleolus
(a)
5th metatarsal
Figure 10.22a
Muscles of the Torso and Limbs
 Naming Conventions
 Head and Neck Muscles Trunk Muscles
 Muscles of the Upper Arm
 Muscles of the Lower Arm and Hand
 Muscles of the Hip and Upper Leg
 Muscles of Lower Leg and Foot