BIOS 160
Anatomy and Physiology
Name
Exam II
100 pts total. Answer the multiple choice/true-false/matching questions using the computerized answer form. Then
separate the last page of the exam and answer all the short answer/essay questions. When finished, fold the last page
in half lengthwise, write the first 3 letters of your last name in the blanks provided, and insert your computer form.
Finally, shove the folded last page between the pages of this stapled question section, write your name on the exam,
and turn it in.
A
1. In the diagram of the sarcomere at the right, what are the name of the
structures indicated by letter A?
a. myofibril
b. muscle fiber
c. thin filaments
d. thick filaments
e. epineurium
B
2. In the diagram of the sarcomere at the right, what substance(s) form(s) the structure indicated by letter B?
a. phospholipids and protein
b. tubulin
c. actin
d. myosin
e. acetylcholine
3. In a synaptic cleft of a neuromuscular junction, the immediate and specific role of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) is
to:
a. cause the vesicles of stored neurotransmitter to fuse with the presynaptic membrane
b. initiate a new action potential in the postsynaptic neuron
c. diffuse across the cleft and bind to receptors on the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron
d. hydrolyze neurotransmitter so it no longer stimulates the postsynaptic neuron
e. cause the masking protein (tropomyosin) on the thick filaments to move aside, allowing the power cycle
to initiate
4. The diagram to the right shows the
tension created by stimuli of a skeletal
muscle arriving at different frequencies.
What is the name of the condition seen in a
muscle when the stimuli are extremely
frequent, as shown in picture D?
a. convergent twitching
b. contraction plateau
c. complete tetanus
d. maximally graded response
e. single cohesive twitch
A
B
C
5. The ATP used to fuel muscle contraction can be formed in three ways: aerobic oxidative phosphorylation,
anaerobic glycolysis (fermentation), and:
a. direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate
b. formation of ATP by the ATP synthase ("ATP mill") in the mitochondria
c. import of extra ATP into the muscle cell from the bloodstream
d. the formation of lactic acid
e. the buildup of oxygen debt
BIOS 160 Exam II pg 1
D
6. What is the correct language that describes the muscle landmarks A, B, and C in the
diagram shown at the right?
a. attachment, body, connection
b. insertion, belly, attachment
c. origin, belly, insertion
d. flexor, body, extensor
e. ligament, aponeurosis, ligament
7. The curved arrow in the muscle diagram indicates a movement of the bones connecting at
the elbow joint. What is this type of movement called?
a. abduction
b. flexion
c. extension
d. adduction
e. supination
8. The arm muscle indicated in the diagram with landmarks A, B, C is called the:
a. biceps brachii
b. triceps brachii
c. ulnar extensor
d. brachialis
e. deltoid
9. The same arm muscle shown in the diagram above has fascicles arranged in a fashion known as:
a. circular
b. convergent
c. fusiform/parallel
d. divergent
e. multipennate
10. A synergistic muscle is one that:
a. is the prime mover in causing the major movement of a bone
b. holds a bone still or stabilizes the anchoring point of the prime mover
c. acts in an opposite fashion to the prime mover and is stretched when the prime mover contracts
d. can be found anywhere in the same general area of the prime mover
e. can only contract isometrically
11. Which of the following muscle groups are involved in chewing?
a. zygomaticus and platysma
b. masseter and temporalis
c. sternocleidomastoids and orbicularis oris
d. orbicularis oris and platysma
e. orbicularis oris and zygomaticus
12. Which of the following muscles are involved in rotating the trunk of the body and bending it laterally?
a. internal oblique muscles
b. trapezius
c. erector spinae
d. transversus abdominis
e. pectoralis major
BIOS 160 Exam II pg 2
A
B
C
13. Both the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of the leg contract to cause:
a. dorsiflexion of the foot
b. plantar flexion of the foot
c. extension of the hip
d. circumflexion of the knee
e. adduction of the hip
14. The erector spinae muscles (iliocostalis, longissiumus, and spinalis) are involved in:
a. adduction of the thigh
b. abduction of the arm
c. extension of the back
d. rotation of the trunk
e. extension of the head
15. The muscle indicated by the arrow in the diagram acts mainly to cause:
a. extension of the hip in climbing and jumping
b. flexion of the back
c. extension of the back
d. abduction of the leg
e. rotation of the trunk
16. The function of an astrocyte cell, a type of neuroglia, is to:
a. dispose of debris like dead brain cells and bacteria
b. brace, anchor, protect, and supply neurons with nutrients from capillaries
c. wrap around central nervous system neurons and produce
myelin sheaths
d. help circulate the cerebrospinal fluid
e. wrap around peripheral nervous system neurons and
produce myelin sheaths
17. Clusters of neuron cell bodies in the central nervous system are
called:
a. nuclei
b. synapses
c. ganglia
d. afferents
e. efferents
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------TRUE/FALSE. Select "a" if true and "b" if false.
18. The cell bodies of sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system are found outside the central nervous
system.
19. When a neuron has established a resting potential, the inside of the membrane is negatively charged relative to
the outside.
20. The wave of depolarization that sweeps down the length of a neuron is known as an action potential.
21. The outer surface, or cortex, of the cerebrum is made of white matter.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22. Which of the following scenarios correctly describes the pathway, in order, seen in a reflex arc?
a. sensory receptorsensory neuronintegration center in CNSmotor neuroneffector organ
b. sensory neuronsensory receptoreffector organintegration center in CNSsensory neuron
c. effector organsensory receptorsensory neuronmotor neuronintegration center in CNS
d. motor neuronsensory neuronintegration center in CNSeffector organsensory receptor
e. integration center in CNSsensory neuronsensory receptormotor neuroneffector organ
BIOS 160 Exam II pg 3
A
B
C
23. In the diagram of the brain to the right, which lobe (A-E) contains the processing
site for sensory input (the somatic sensory area)?
24. What is the name of the brain part and specific lobe indicated by arrow A?
a. diencephalon/thalamus
b. cerebrum/frontal lobe
c. cerebellum/occipital lobe
d. cerebrum/parietal lobe
e. diencephalon/hypothalamus
D
E
25. The function of the thalamus of the diencephalon is to:
a. coordinate movement and balance
b. act as a relay station for sensory information headed to the cerebral cortex
c. regulate the temperature, water balance, and metabolism of the body
d. produce cerebrospinal fluid
e. maintain the body's "biological clock"
26. The most superficial of the meninges surrounding the brain is the:
a. meningeal layer of the dura mater
b. arachnoid mater
c. periosteal layer of the dura mater
d. pia mater
e. cephalomater
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Match the description of the body structure at the left with its name on the right. If the correct answer has two
letters, such as "ab", fill in BOTH "a" AND "b" on your answer sheet for that question
27. The spray of spinal nerves leaving the inferior end of the spinal column
a. iodine
b. calcium
28. The portion of the spinal cord containing myelinated fiber tracts (axons)
c. folic acid
d. dorsal root ganglion
29. The outermost layer that surrounds a nerve
e. gray matter
ab. white matter
30. The division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for relaxation and
ac. postspinal ganglia
"housekeeping" activities
ad. endoneurium
ae. perineurium
31. A substance that must be ingested during pregnancy for normal development of
bc. epineurium
the spinal cord; when absent, leads to neural tube defects
bd. sympathetic
be. parasympathetic
cd. sensory
ce. cauda equina
de. manubrium
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Use the eye diagram at the right to answer the following questions.
c
b
32. Which structure is known as the retina?
d
e
ab
33. Which structure is known as the choroid layer?
a
34. Which structure is a transparent and clear part of the sclera?
bc
ae
BIOS 160 Exam II pg 4
ac
TRUE/FALSE Answer "a" if true and "b" if false.
35. The word "accommodation" in reference to the human eye refers to how well the lens fits within the pupillary
gap.
36. Rod cells in the eye are more sensitive to weak light than cone cells.
37. Both hearing and the sense of equilibrium are achieved through the bending of hairs on special cells that can
initiate an action potential.
38. The three kinds of papillae or tongue projections are known as filiform, fungiform, and circulaform.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------39. The Organ of Corti can be found in:
a. the cochlea of the inner ear
b. the semicircular canals of the inner ear
c. the retina of the eye
d. the taste buds of the tongue
e. the receptor area of the site of olfaction
40. The function of the incus (anvil), malleus (hammer), and stapes (stirrup) bones are to:
a. Support and hold open the pharyngotympanic tube
b. Amplify and transmit sound vibrations between the tympanic membrane and oval window
c. Support the base of the tongue
d. Provide anchoring points for the hypothalamus of the diencephalon
e. Protect the delicate olfactory receptors
BIOS 160 Exam II pg 5
BIOS 160 Exam II pg 6
SHORT ANSWER SHEET
BIOS 160 Exam II
Name
20 pts. total. Please write your answers in the blanks provided.
A. 7 pts. Complete the following table with regards to the different types of muscle.
Type of
Muscle
cardiac
Shape
Voluntary/Involuntary
Striated?
Uni- or
multinucleate?
Where found in
body/function
short,
cylindrical,
and branching
not striated
hollow visceral
organs/closes or
reduces internal
cavities
B. 2 pts. Name the muscles indicated by the arrows and write their names in the blanks provided.
(the "prayer" muscle causing flexion of the head)
(prime mover of arm abduction, forms flesh of the shoulder)
C. 4 pts. Fill in the blanks with the names of these structures.
(Dark staining bodies around periphery)
(the gap)
(the extensions coming out)
Turn the page for more questions 
Turn the page for more questions 
BIOS 160 Exam II pg 7
First 3 letters of last name
D. 4 pts. Using the diagram to the right: 1) name the general region of the brain,
2) give the specific name of the brain structure, and 3) describe the function of
this brain structure that is indicated by the arrow.
1.
2.
3.
E. 3 pts. Complete the following table regarding the motor divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
Name of ANS
Division
Position of ganglia
relative to the CNS
Neurotransmitter(s)
used
General effect on
the body by this
division
A specific change
in an organ or
structure caused by
this division
stimulatory; used to
ready the body for
"fight or flight"
parasympathetic
acetylcholine
promotes digestive
functions in the GI
tract like peristalsis
and pancreatic
enzyme release
BIOS 160 Exam II pg 8