Review Exercises
L9: Variations in Photosynthesis
1. Make a diagram that shows the C4 pathway in a C4 plant. Be sure to include CO2, PEP, PEP
carboxylase, oxaloacetate, malate, pyruvate and ATP, and also include in what types of cells
these steps are occurring.
2. Make a diagram of the C4 pathway in a CAM plant. Be sure to include CO2, PEP, PEP
carboxylase, oxaloacetate, malate, malic acid, pyruvate, central vacuole and ATP, , and also
include where and when these steps are occurring.
3. Under what circumstances would a C3 plant be more successful than a C4 or CAM plant?
Under what circumstances would a C4 or CAM plant be more successful that a C3 plant?
L12: Introduction to Inheritance
4. Distinguish between the following terms:
 incomplete dominance
 codominance
 pleiotrophy
 polygenic inheritance
 epistasis?
L13: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
5. What is a linked gene? Make a diagram showing the effect that crossing over can have on
linked genes.
6. Draw a picture that shows the meaning of nondisjunction.
7. Make a diagram illustrating the following terms:
 deletion
 duplication
 inversion
 reciprocal translocation
8. Why are recessive sex linked traits found more often in males?
L10: Mitosis & Meiosis
9. Make a series of drawings that clearly illustrate the differences found between mitosis and
meiosis.
10. Make a drawing that illustrates how the G2 checkpoint in the cell cycle is regulated.
L11: DNA Replication
11. Make a drawing that shows the replication of a leading strand of DNA. Make sure to
include all of the enzymes involved.
12. Make a drawing that shows the replication of a lagging strand of DNA. Make sure to
include all of the enzymes involved.
Mitosis/Meiosis Review
Make a series of sketches that follows the fate of chromosome 8 (an autosome) throughout an
organism’s lifecycle.
1. Start with a sperm and an egg (both of which supply a version of chromosome 8). Remember
that each version of chromosome 8 has different alleles (different types of the same genes) so
distinguish between the chromosome 8 from the mother and father).
2. Create a zygote.
3. From the zygote go through one round of mitosis - show all of the phases of mitosis, using
chromosome 8.
4. Add the terms homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids, mitotic spindle, centrosome, and
centromere.
5. From one of the daughter cells, show the production of gametes via meiosis (you do not need
to show the steps of meiosis, just the outcome in terms of chromosome 8 in the gametes.)
6. Label all the cells with diploid (2n) or haploid (n) and indicate whether they are somatic cells
or gametes.
Check in with your group & compare drawings.
Now you will follow the sex chromosomes through the same series of sketches.
7. Add the Y chromosome to the initial sperm and the X chromosome to the initial egg.
8. Show what happens to these chromosomes in all the cells you sketched in the above
questions. (This time you can skip showing the details of mitosis, just show where the X & Y
end up at the end of the first round of mitosis.)
9. What is the sex of this individual?
10. What types of gametes can it produce?
Check in with your group & compare drawings.
Now draw one cell of an organism of the opposite sex to the organism above.
11. Follow its pair of chromosome 8 and its sex chromosomes through meiosis to create gametes.
(Remember that the alleles on these chromosomes may be different from the ones in the
other organism, so distinguish them in your drawing)
12. What is the sex of this individual?
13. What types of gametes can it produce?
Check in with your group & compare drawings.
14. Take one of the eggs from the female and a one of the sperms from the male.
15. Note the chromosome 8 version and sex chromosome in each one.
16. Create a zygote.
17. Note the chromosome 8 version and sex chromosomes of the zygote.
18. What is the sex of this individual?
19. Is this individual genetically the same as the either of the two parents?
Check in with your group & compare drawings.