Osteology:
The study of bone
Anatomical Terminology
and Basic Bone Biology
Vesalius
1
Skeletal Subdivisions
• Axial
Skeleton
Cranium
Sternum
& Ribs
Shoulders
and Hips
Vertebral
Column
• Appendicular
Skeleton
Pictures: http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/chapter-6-skeletal-system/deck/2211344
Limbs
Skeletal Subdivisions
• Cranial
Skeleton
• Postcranial
skeleton
Anatomical
Position
Prone
Supine
Pictures: http://quizlet.com/11106255/terminology-flash-cards/
Directional Terms
• Anterior
• Posterior
• Superior
• Inferior
Pictures: http://anatomyproartifex.blogspot.com/2011_12_01_archive.html; Marie Dauenheimer
Directional Terms
• Medial
• Lateral
• Proximal
• Distal
Terms for Movement
• Flexion
• Extension
8
Terms of Movement
• Abduction
• Adduction
Terms of Movement
• Medial
rotation
• Lateral
rotation
Terms of Movement
• Pronation
• Supination
Terms of Movement
12
• Circumduction
Overview of Joints: Fibrous
13
Overview of Joints: Cartilaginous
Synchondrosis
Symphysis
14
Overview of Joints: Synovial
15
Basic Bone Biology
• Bone has both a mineral and an organic component
• Organic: 90% is collagen (a type of protein)
• Mineral: hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate)
• Has multiple functions:
• Mechanical
• Nutrient storage
• Cell formation
• Is responsive to its environment
Classification by Size and Shape
17
Anatomy
of a Long
Bone
Anatomy of a Flat Bone
OpenStax College. 2013. Bone Structure. Connexions, June 3, 2013. http://cnx.org/content/m46281/1.3/.
Haversian Canal
Volkmann’s Canals
Spongy Bone at the
Molecular Level
Bone Growth
Endochondral Ossification
23
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=78RBpWSOl08
OpenStax College. 2013. Bone Structure. Connexions, June 3, 2013. http://cnx.org/content/m46281/1.3/.
Wolff’s Law = Form Follows Function
25
In your bag…
• How do the bones fit together?
• Can you identify:
•
•
•
•
an epiphisis
a diaphysis
cortical bone
trabecular bone
• Is there a joint? If so, what kind? What movements
are possible?
• Using “Bucky” as a guide, can you determine what
bones you have?