Name:____________________________
Fall Semester, 2004
Exam I
I. Multiple choice (80 points)
1) The net yield of ATP from a glucose molecule being metabolized through glycolysis to
pyruvate is ______ molecule(s).
a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 36
e) 42
2) Glycolysis occurs:
a) on the plasma membrane.
b) on the mitochondrial inner membrane.
c) in the mitochondrial matrix.
d) in the mitochrondrial intermembrane space.
e) in the cytoplasm.
3) In addition to ATP, glycolysis produces:
a) GTP.
b) NADH.
c) lactate.
d) FADH2.
e) a proton gradient across the membrane
4) At what point during cell division does synapsis/chiasma occur?
a) prophase I of meiosis
b) telophase I of meiosis
c) metaphase II of meiosis
d) prophase of mitosis
e) anaphase I of meiosis
5) In which phase of meiosis do the homologous chromosomes undergo separation?
a) metaphase I
b) anaphase II
c) prophase I
d) metaphase II
e) anaphase I
6) During which phase of meiosis are the tetrads of homologous chromosomes aligned at the
center of the dividing cell?
a) prophase I
b) metaphase I
c) anaphase II
d) anaphase I
e) metaphase II
7) During which phase of meiosis do the centromeres uncouple and sister chromatids
separate?
a) anaphase I
b)
c)
d)
e)
prophase II
metaphase II
anaphase II
metaphase I
8) Between the metaphases of meiosis I and meiosis II,:
a) there is a full cell cycle.
b) there is an extended G1 period.
c) there is a prolongued interphase
d) a decrease in chromosome number has occurred.
e) a single round of DNA replication is carried out
9) ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase in the mitochondria by the process of:
a) chemiosmosis.
b) electron transport.
c) substrate level phosphorylation.
d) oxidative phosphorylation.
e) redox reactions.
10) A human gamete has:
a) 23 chromosomes.
b) 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).
c) 46 chromosomes.
d) 23 autosomes.
e) two sex chromosomes.
11) The two sister chromatids of a eukaryotic chromosome are connected at the:
a) centromere.
b) centriole.
c) chiasma.
d) telomere.
e) centrosome.
12) DNA replication occurs in eukaryotic cells during:
a) G1 phase.
b) S phase.
c) G2 phase.
d) mitosis.
e) G0 phase.
13) The intertwining (crossing over) of paternal and maternal homologous chromosomes during
meiosis is called:
a) partitioning.
b) anaphase
c) chiasma.
d) pleiotropy.
e) epistasis.
14) Sexual life cycles produce genetic variation in offspring by:
a) independent assortment of chromosomes.
b) crossing over between nonsister chromatids.
c) random fertilization.
d) All of the above
e) None of the above.
15) Gametes are examples of:
a) haploid cells.
b) somatic cells.
c) diploid cells.
d) the products of mitotic division.
e) things your parents donÕt want to talk about
16) The final acceptor for the mitochondrial electron transport chain is:
a) water.
b) oxygen.
c) NAD.
d) ATP.
e) ADP.
17) The electrons from NADH, when fed through the electron transport chain of mitochondria,
provide a theoretical yield of:
a) 1 ATP.
b) 2 ATP.
c) 3 ATP.
d) 4 ATP.
e) 1 oxygen.
18) Snapdragons have a sincle gene (locus) that determines flower color. The allele R is for red flowers and
it shows incomplete dominance over the recessive allele r for white flowers. What color flowers are
produced by Rr plants?
a) All red
b) Mixed red and white (some flowers of each color)
c) pink
d) white with pink streaks
e) purple
19) An allele at one locus affects several phenotypic traits (e.g. cystic fibrosis is caused by a single defective
gene which causes clogged blood vessels, sticky mucus, salty sweat, liver failure, etc.). This is an
example of:
a) continuous variation.
b) codominance.
c) incomplete dominance.
d) epistasis.
e) pleiotropic effects.
20) A human is heterozygous at a blood group locus and expresses both genotypes (e.g. they have type AB
blood). This is an example of:
a) polygenic inheritance.
b) codominance.
c) incomplete or partial dominance.
d) pleiotropy.
e) complete dominance.
21) An example of a sex-linked human genetic-based disorder is:
a) Duchene muscular dystrophy.
b) sickle cell anemia.
c) Huntington’s disease.
d) cystic fibrosis.
e) Tay-Sachs disease.
22) Genes located on the same chromosome are said to be:
a) polygenic.
b) bottlenecked.
c) pleiotropic.
d) linked.
e) epistatic.
23) A human autosomal recessive lethal genetic disease whose defective allele has been maintained at a
relatively high level in certain population groups because it gives the heterozygote resistance to an
infectious disease is:
a) Tay-Sachs disease.
b) cystic fibrosis.
c) sickle-cell anemia.
d) muscular dystrophy.
e) Huntington’s disease.
24) Thomas Morgan was the first person to:
a) map a specific gene/trait to a specific chromosome (sex).
b) observe codominance.
c) carry out amniocentesis.
d) observe crossing over under the microscope.
e) define genetic variation.
25) An example of a human genetic condition caused by an autosomal dominant defective gene/allele:
a) Klinefelter’s syndrome.
b) Down syndrome.
c) Huntington’s disease.
d) cystic fibrosis.
e) Turner.
26) An inactivated ‘X’ chromosome in a human female cell is seen as a/an:
a) centrosome.
b) Barr body.
c) genetic imprint.
d) nucleosome.
e) centromere.
27) An example of a human genetic disease involving a male with a Barr body is:
a) Klinefelter syndrome.
b) Down syndrome.
c) Huntington’s disease.
d) Turner syndrome
e) muscular dystrophy.
28) The human chromosomes which are not either the "X" or "Y" chromosomes are collectively called
_________.
a) mosaics
b) sex chromosomes
c) karyotypes
d) monosomics
e) autosomes
29) A human gene is said to be sex-linked if:
a) it is more common in females than males.
b) it is found on the ‘Y’ chromosome.
c) it is encoded by the ‘X’ chromosome.
d) it is expressed only in males.
e) it is recessive in males
30) A human with the XXY karotype is:
a) phenotypically a male and no Barr body.
b) phenotypically female.
c) phenotypically male but with a Barr body.
d) phenotypically female with no Barr body.
e) frequency-dependent selection.
31) An example of a phenotypic female human with no Barr body would be someone with:
a) an XXX karyotype.
b) Down Syndrome.
c) Kleinfelter Disease.
d) Huntington Disease.
e) Turner Syndrome.
32) A person with a karyotype of trisomy 21 will suffer from:
a) Tay-Sachs.
b) Down Syndrome.
c) Kleinfelter Disease.
d) Huntington Disease.
e) Turner Syndrome.
33) A trait shows continuous variation within a population (e.g. height in humans). This suggests that the trait
exhibits:
a) a polygenic pattern of inheritance.
b) pleiotrophy.
c) incomplete dominance.
d) codominance.
e) linkage disequilibrium
Part II. Labeling:
A. Indicate the parts of the cell cycle marked with A, B, C, and D (4 pts)
B. Indicate the specific stage and the type of division (mitosis or meiosis) for these two diagrams
below (4 pts)
C. This seed grows into a plant that produces eggs and sperms with 4 different
genotypes each. Finish the Punnet square and indicate the resulting phenotypic ratios (6
pts)
SsYy= Smooth and
Yellow
Meiosis (Heterozygous
for both traits)
eggs
sperm
D. Indicate which ones are the homologous chromosomes and which ones are the sister
chromatides (4 pts)