Chapters 5-8)
Name _____________________
Remote # ____
Date _______________
1) All cells possess all the following components
EXCEPT
A) cytoplasm.
B) genetic material.
C) nuclear membrane.
D) plasma cell membrane.
E) ribosomes.
2) What is not characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?
A) a plasma membrane
B) a nuclear membrane
C) ribosomes
D) enzymes
E) DNA
3) Which of the following correctly identify components that are the same in both plant cells and bacterial cells?
A) nucleus, DNA, plasma membrane, ribosomes
B) cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, DNA, plasma membrane, ribosomes
C) cytoplasm, DNA, plasma membrane, ribosomes
D) cytoplasm, nucleolus, DNA, plasma membrane
E) cytoplasm, nucleoid, DNA, plasma membrane, ribosomes
4) The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells contains
A) water.
B) dissolved nutrients.
C) organelles.
D) enzymes.
E) all of these
5) A nucleolus is
A) an extra nucleus in the cell.
B) a darkly staining area in the nucleus where ribosomes are made.
C) an area where the nucleus is synthesized.
D) a membrane-bound organelle.
E) the area in a prokaryote where DNA is concentrated.
6) The nuclei of eukaryotic cells are characterized by
A) a single-layered membrane.
B) one or more nucleoids.
C) a double membrane.
D) a non-porous membrane.
E) all of these
7) What is the difference between "free" and
"attached" ribosomes?
A) Free ribosomes are in the cytoplasm while attached ribosomes are anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum.
B) Free ribosomes produce proteins that remain in the cytosol while attached ribosomes produce proteins that may be exported from the cell.
C) Free ribosomes produce proteins that are exported from the cell while attached ribosomes make proteins for mitochondria and chloroplasts.
D) A and C
E) A and B
8) If all the lysosomes within a cell suddenly ruptured, what could occur?
A) The macromolecules in the cell cytosol would begin to degrade.
B) The number of proteins in the cytosol would begin to increase.
C) The DNA within the mitochondria would begin to degrade.
D) The mitochondria and chloroplasts would begin to divide.
E) There would be no change in the normal function of the cell.
9) If you identified a cell with large amounts of rough ER, which would NOT be a logical conclusion about that cell?
A) Large quantities of enzymes for biochemical processes are manufactured by that cell.
B) Membrane proteins and phospholipids are made to replace other membranous components in the cell
C) Digestive enzymes for export are manufactured by that cell.
D) Membrane lipids are produced by that cell.
E) Large amounts of protein hormone are exported by the cell.

10) Ribosomes are the site of synthesis of
A) DNA.
B) RNA.
C) proteins.
D) nucleoli.
E) glucose.
11) How does a cell rid itself of defective or malfunctioning organelles?
A) They are engulfed by plastids and stored until export from cell is possible.
B) Defective parts accumulate until the cell itself dies.
C) Lysosomes assist in the removal of defective organelles by digesting them.
D) Ribosomes play a significant role in the removal of malfunctioning parts by absorbing the parts.
E) They are exported by exocytosis.
12) An organelle associated with carbohydrate synthesis is the
A) Golgi complex.
B) ribosome.
C) centriole.
D) nucleolus.
E) nucleus.
13) Which organelle extracts energy from food molecules and stores it in the high-energy bonds of ATP?
A) mitochondrion
B) chloroplast
C) ribosome
D) centriole
E) ER
14) Which of the following is capable of converting light energy to chemical energy?
A) chloroplasts
B) mitochondria
C) amyloplasts
D) vacuoles
E) Golgi bodies
15) DNA is located in which of the following?
A) prokaryotic cells
B) plant cells
C) animal cells
D) chloroplasts
E) all of the above
16) Which of the following is NOT a function of plastids?
A) store photosynthetic products
B) store pigments
C) carry out photosynthesis
D) extract energy from food and convert it to ATP
E) All of the above are functions of plastids.
17) What primarily determines the shape of cells that lack cell walls?
A) nucleus
B) cytosol
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) cytoskeleton
E) ribosomes
18) Which of the following has potential energy?
A) water droplet on top of a waterfall
B) glucose molecule
C) diver on a springboard
D) 9V battery
E) all of the above
19) In an isolated system, all the following are true of the SECOND law of thermodynamics
EXCEPT
A) useful energy decreases.
B) spontaneous changes result in a more uniform distribution of energy.
C) all chemical reactions are exergonic.
D) there is a natural tendency toward greater disorder of the organization of matter.
E) All are true of the second law.
20) Which of the following is part of the first law of thermodynamics?
A) Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
B) Kinetic energy is stored energy.
C) Energy cannot be transferred or transformed.
D) Exergonic reactions are coupled with endergonic reactions.
E) Potential energy equals kinetic energy in a reaction.
21) What is the ultimate source of energy for most forms of life on Earth?
A) heat energy
B) solar energy
C) thermal energy
D) chemical energy
E) nuclear energy
22) When solid sodium hydroxide is added to water, the solution gets hot. This is an example of
A) an endergonic process.
B) an exergonic process.
C) an enzyme-catalyzed process.
D) a release of activation energy.
E) a conversion of kinetic energy to potential energy.

23) Why is photosynthesis considered an endergonic reaction in an isolated plant?
A) Activation energy is not required.
B) Photosynthesis does not comply with the physical laws of the universe.
C) Because sugar has less energy than the sun.
D) Protein catalysts are not needed.
E) Low-energy reactants are converted into highenergy products.
24) Why is photosynthesis a coupled reaction?
A) The exergonic reaction occurs in the plant, and the endergonic reaction occurs in the soil.
B) The exergonic reaction occurs in the plant, and the endergonic reaction occurs in the sun.
C) Photosynthesis requires a couple of reactants: carbon dioxide and water.
D) An exergonic reaction occurs in the sun, and an endergonic reaction occurs in the plant.
E) Sunlight energy is lost as heat.
25) An ________ chemical reaction releases energy while an ________ reactions requires an input of energy.
A) exergonic; endergonic
B) endergonic; exergonic
C) enzymatic; endergonic
D) endergonic; enzymatic
E) equilibrium; exergonic
26) The most common energy carrier molecule of living organisms is
A) ATP.
B) inorganic phosphate.
C) DNA.
D) glucose.
E) NADPH.
27) When a muscle cell demands energy to perform its work of contraction, what happens to
ATP?
A) ATP manufactures more ATP.
B) ATP enters a metabolic pathway.
C) ATP is broken down.
D) ATP is phosphorylated.
E) ATP catalyzes the reaction.
28) ATP is an energy carrier. Where is the energy actually located?
A) attached to the phosphate group
B) in the bonds between phosphate groups
C) attached to the nucleotide
D) inside the phosphate
E) between the sugar and the phosphate
29) All the following statements pertaining to catalysts are true EXCEPT
A) biological catalysts are specific enzymes.
B) catalysts increase activation energy requirements.
C) catalysts increase reaction rate.
D) catalysts are not permanently altered during reaction.
E) catalysts can be used over and over again.
30) Which of the following functions as a biological catalyst?
A) energy carrier molecule
B) amino acid
C) enzyme
D) substrate
E) steroids
31) End products of biosynthetic pathways often act to block the initial step in that pathway. This phenomenon is called
A) allosteric activation.
B) denaturation.
C) irreversible inhibition.
D) feedback inhibition.
E) substrate activation.
32) The products of photosynthesis are
A) glucose and water.
B) carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
C) glucose and carbon dioxide.
D) carbon dioxide, chlorophyll, and oxygen.
E) glucose and oxygen.
33) The vast majority of chloroplasts found in a leaf are located where?
A) vascular bundles
B) cuticle
C) epidermis
D) stroma
E) mesophyll
34) Specifically, molecules of chlorophyll are located in membranes of sacs called
A) cristae.
B) thylakoids.
C) stroma.
D) grana.
E) vesicles.
35) What factors influence the rate of photosynthesis?
A) light intensity
B) temperature
C) CO
2
D) water availability
E) all of these

36) Energy is passed around different chlorophyll molecules until it reaches a specific chlorophyll molecule called the
A) reaction center.
B) photoelectric point.
C) electron carrier molecule.
D) accessory pigment.
E) nucleus.
37) The replacement electrons for the reaction center of photosystem II come from
A) photosystem I.
B) H
2
O.
C) glucose.
D) O
2
.
E) NADPH.
38) Light-dependent photosynthetic reactions produce
A) ATP, NADPH, O
2
B) ATP, NADPH, CO
2
C) Glucose, ATP, O
2
D) Glucose, ATP, CO
2
E) ATP, NADPH, H
2
O
Answer: A
39) Where does the O
2
released during photosynthesis come from?
A) CO
2
B) H
2
O
C) ATP
D) C
6
H
12
O
6
E) RuBP
40) The primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis is
A) to produce energy-rich glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
B) to produce energy-rich ATP and NADPH.
C) to produce NADPH used in respiration.
D) to convert light energy to the chemical energy of lipids.
E) to use the ATP to make glucose.
41) In C
3
photosynthesis, what fixes the carbon?
A) RuBP
B) PEP
C) PGA
D) PGAL
E) ATP
42) How many molecules of CO
2
are fixed to form one molecule of glucose?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 6
D) 9
E) 12
43) Where is glucose synthesized?
A) thylakoids
B) cytoplasm
C) matrix
D) stroma
E) intermembrane compartment
44) Which of the following occurs during the lightindependent reactions of photosynthesis?
A) Water is converted into hydrogen and water.
B) Carbon dioxide is converted into sugars.
C) Chlorophyll acts as an enzyme only in the dark.
D) Nothing occurs, the plant rests in the dark.
E) none of the above
45) Which of the following are required for the C
3 cycle?
A) CO
2
B) RuBP enzyme
C) ATP
D) NADPH
E) all of the above
46) In the C
3
cycle, where does the carbon come from to form glucose?
A) from ATP and NADPH
B) from chlorophyll
C) from atmospheric CO
2
D) from enzymes
E) from water
47) C
3 plants are adapted to ________ conditions, while C
4
plants are adapted to
________ environmental conditions.
A) dry; wet
B) wet; dry
C) temperate; cool and rainy
D) high light; low light
E) drought; rainy
48) The anaerobic breakdown of glucose is called
A) fermentation.
B) respiration.
C) phosphorylation.
D) chemiosmosis.
E) Krebs cycle.
49) What results if glucose is metabolized under completely anaerobic conditions?

A) Pyruvic acid immediately enters the Krebs cycle.
B) Pyruvic acid is converted by fermentation into CO
2
and ethanol or lactic acid.
C) Pyruvic acid is converted back to fructose until the concentration of oxygen increases.
D) Pyruvic acid leaves the fluid portion of the cytoplasm and enters the mitochondrial matrix.
E) Pyruvic acid is converted to NADH.
50) During glycolysis, what is the net gain of
ATP molecules produced?
A) 2
B) 4
C)
34
D) 36
E) 38
51) Which event occurs in the fluid portion of the cytoplasm of a cell undergoing glucose metabolism?
A) Krebs (citric acid) cycle
B) electron transport
C) chemiosmosis
D) Acetyl CoA formation
E) glycolysis
52) Where does fermentation occur within a cell undergoing anaerobic metabolism of glucose?
A) surface of cell membrane
B) stroma of chloroplast
C) mitochondrial matrix
D) fluid portion of the cytoplasm
E) nucleus
53) Products of the fermentation process can include
A) carbon dioxide.
B) ethanol.
C) lactic acid.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
54) The products of glycolysis are
A) ATP, NADH, pyruvate.
B) ATP, NADH, pyruvate, FADH
2
.
C) ATP, NADH, Acetyl CoA.
D) ATP, NADH, FADH
2
, CO
2
.
E) ATP and pyruvate.
55) The metabolic breakdown of one molecule of glucose harvests the greatest amount of energy during
A) glycolysis.
B) Krebs cycle.
C) matrix reactions.
D) fermentation.
E) electron transport.
56) Which of the following is an example of an electron carrier molecule?
A) citric acid
B)
CO
2
C) Acetyl CoA
D) NADH
E) ATP
57) What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration?
A) ATP
B) NADH
C) carbon dioxide
D) oxygen
E) FADH
2
58) From the beginning of glycolysis to the end of the Krebs cycle, what has the cell gained from the breakdown of each molecule of glucose?
A) two molecules of pyruvate
B) 4 ATP, 10 NADH, and 2 FADH
2
C) 2 ATP and 6 NADH
D) 2 ATP, 4 NADH and 2 FADH
2
E) 2 ATP, lactate, and NAD
+
59)
Oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration because oxygen
A) combines with electrons and hydrogen ions to form water.
B) combines with carbon to form carbon dioxide.
C) combines with carbon dioxide and water to

form glucose.
D) reduces glucose to form carbon dioxide and water.
E) combines with electrons to form CO
2
.
60)
When oxygen is present
A) most cells utilize aerobic cellular respiration.
B) most animal cells will carry on fermentation and produce lactic acid.
C) most bacteria and yeasts carry on fermentation.
D) two ATP molecules are produced for each glucose molecule.
E) most animals will convert CO
2
to glucose.
61) The part of a mitochondrion that structurally compares to the stroma of a chloroplast is the
A) grana.
B) matrix.
C) thylakoids.
D) cristae.
E) outer membrane.
62) The cristae of the mitochondria can be compared functionally to the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast because both contain a system for
A) enzyme synthesis.
B) pyruvate production.
C) glucose synthesis.
D) anaerobic respiration.
E) electron transport.
II.Labeling. Use the correct labels (A-E) to label the following figures:
For questions 63-64 use the next figure on the general reactions of photosynthesis and cellular respiration:
63. Water
A.
B.
64. Oxygen
A.
B.

For questions 65-66, choose either A or B from the figure on ATP production in the cytoplasm
65. Fermentation
A.
B.
66.Glycolysis
A.
B.
B.
For questions 67-68 use the diagram of the enzyme:
67. Active Site
A.
B.
68. Allosteric site
A.

For questions 69-72 use the chloroplast and mithocondrion figures:
69. cristae _____
70. Stroma _______
71. thylakoid ______
72. matrix _____
For questions 73-76, go to next page and use the diagram of the plant cell:

73. Golgi apparatus _______
74. Endoplasmic reticulum ___
75. vacuole _________
76. nucleolus ______