BIOL . 1406 EXAM 2. NAME _____________
I. Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer.
1. All cells possess all the following components, except:
a. cytoplasm
b. genetic material
c. nuclear membrane
d. plasma cell membrane
e. ribosomes
2. Proteins which act as catalysts of chemical reactions [in cells] are called:
a. enzymes.
b. coenzymes.
c. reaction cofactors.
d. substrates.
e. reactants
3.Chlorophyll a is found at the:
a. reaction center of photosystems
b. matrix of the mitochondria
c. center of the thylakoid
d. center of the Electron Transport Chain
e. none of the above.
4. A chemical reaction that absorbs or requires energy is known as a(an) __________
reaction.
a. exergonic.
b. coupled.
c. anabolic.
d. endergonic.
e. unfavored
5. A final product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an early enzyme in the pathway. This is
likely to be an example of:
a. competitive inhibition.
b. feedback inhibition.
c. cooperativity.
d. energy coupling.
e. a second messenger.
6. Enzyme catalyzed reactions occur easier than uncatalyzed reactions because:
a. their temperature increases.
b. their active site is inhibited.
c. entropy has been increased.
d. the required activation energy has been decreased.
e. entropy has been decreased.
7. The second law of thermodynamics states that for chemical reactions:
a. entropy always increases.
b. entropy always decreases.
c. free energy always increases.
d. free energy always decreases.
e. anabolic reactions must always be paired with catabolic reactions.
8. Ribosomes are the site of synthesis of
a. DNA.
b RNA.
c proteins.
d nucleoli.
e glucose
9. The electron transport chain utilized to make ATP during photosynthesis by plants is
located in the:
a. stroma.
b. thylakoid membrane.
c. inner chloroplast membrane.
d. outer chloroplast membrane.
e. plasma membrane.
10. Which is a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
a. Prokaryotes have RNA, eukaryotes have DNA.
b. Prokaryotes have DNA, eukaryotes have RNA.
c. Prokaryotes have a nucleus, eukaryotes have a nucleoid.
d. Prokaryotes have a nucleoid, eukaryotes have a nucleus.
e. Prokaryotes have a cell wall, eukaryotes do not.
11. What primarily determines the shape of cells that lack cell walls?
a. nucleus
b. cytoplasm
c. endoplasmic reticulum
d. cytoskeleton
e. ribosomes
12. Which of the following is part of the first law of thermodynamics?
a. energy cannot be created nor destroyed
b. kinetic energy is stored energy
c. energy cannot be transferred or transformed
d. exergonic reactions are coupled with endergonic reactions
e. potential energy equals kinetic energy in a reaction
13. In the process of ______________ reactions, energy usually gets released.
a. endergonic
b. hypergonic
c. exoteric
d. exergonic
e. endotermic
14. The replacement electrons for the reaction center of photosystem II come from
a. photosystem I
b. water
c. glucose
d. oxygen
e. NADPH
15. Energy stored in ATP is located exactly:
a. in the bonds between phosphate groups
b. inside the phosphate group
c. in the free electron
d. attached to the nucleotide
e. between the sugar and the phosphate
16. Light dependent reactions produce:
a. ATP only
b. NADPH only
c. carbon dioxide and Glucose,
d. NADP+ and Carbon Dioxide
e. ATP and NADPH
17. NAD+ and NADP+ are examples of:
a. electron carriers.
b. oxidizing compounds.
c. photosynthetic pigments.
d. sugar-storage molecules.
e. competitive inhibitors.
18. In order to reduce photorespiration, C4 plants have adapted to:
a. low carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.
b. arid climates.
c. ATP production at low proton gradients.
d. fix carbon as a 3 carbon acid.
e. carry out the light reaction in the dark.
19. In plants from temperate regions, photorespiration might occur:
a. at night.
b. during hot dry days.
c. during cold rainy days.
d. during humid nights.
e. during ice storms.
20. The term “active site” describes the location where:
a. chemiosmosis occurs.
b. the dark reactions of photosynthesis occur.
c. water is split during photosynthesis.
d. chromosomes migrate along the microtubules during mitosis.
e. substrates bind to enzymes.
21. In the Calvin Cycle, the 5 carbon sugar that fixes CO2 is:
a. PEP carboxylase.
b. glucose kinase.
c. pyruvate synthetase
d. CAM synthetase
e. RuBP (Ribulose biphosphate)
22. Where does the O2 released during photosynthesis come from?
a. CO2
b. H2O
c. ATP
d. C6H12O6
e. RuBP
23. The function of the light independent reactions of photosynthesis is
a. to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and Oxygen.
b. to produce energy-rich ATP and NADPH.
c. to produce NADPH used in respiration.
d. to convert light energy to the chemical energy of lipids.
e. to use ATP, NADPH, and carbon dioxide to make glucose.
24. Chemiosmosis across the thylakoid membrane generates:
a. H2O.
b. CO2.
c. glucose.
d. O2.
e. ATP.
25. All of the following are part of the Calvin (C3) cycle EXCEPT
a. carbon fixation.
b. synthesis of G3P.
c. generation of ATP.
d. regeneration of RuBP.
e. All of the above are part of the cycle.
26. Chloroplasts are commonly found in the _________ of leaves:
a. vascular bundles
b. cuticle
c. epidermis
d. stroma
e. mesophyll
27.The Calvin Cycle captures:
a. glucose and water.
b. carbon dioxide.
c. glucose and carbon dioxide.
d. carbon dioxide, chlorophyll, and oxygen.
e. glucose and oxygen.
28. The Calvin cycle of photosynthesis (light independent reactions) occurs in the:
a. thylakoids.
b. grana.
c. cytoplasm.
d. chloroplast stroma.
e. mitochondrial matrix.
29. The eukaryotic organelle found in mammalian cells which produces most of the energy
for life is the:
a. chloroplast.
b. lysosome.
c. centriole.
d. nucleolus.
e. mitochondrion
30. The ________ portion of the cell membrane is responsible for the isolating functions
of the membrane, while the ________ portion regulates exchange and communication
with the environment.
A) lipid; protein
B) cholesterol; lipid
C) protein; cholesterol
D) carbohydrate; lipid
E) nucleic acid; lipid
31. In biological membranes, the phospholipids are arranged in
A) a bilayer with the fatty acids pointing toward each other.
B) a bilayer with the fatty acids facing outward.
C) a single layer with the fatty acids facing the interior of the cell.
D) a single layer with the phosphorus-containing region facing the interior of the cell.
E) a bilayer with the phosphorus groups in the interior of the membrane.
32. What structure in the membrane causes plasma membranes to resist freezing?
A) polar heads of the phospholipids
B) channel proteins
C) cholesterol
D) saturated fatty acid tails
E) unsaturated fatty acid tails
33. In general, which of the following is largely responsible for moving substances across
the plasma membrane, communicating with other cells and identifying the cell?
A) phospholipids
B) carbohydrates
C) proteins
D) nucleic acids
E) cytoskeleton
34. What is active transport?
A) diffusion of molecules within a cell
B) movement of molecules into or out of a cell against a concentration gradient
C) movement of molecules into or out of a cell down a concentration gradient
D) the movement of molecules into or out of a cell using special proteins and not requiring
an expenditure of energy
E) rapid movement of molecules in a solution
35. When substances move through a plasma membrane and down gradients of
concentration this is called
A) active transport.
B) passive transport.
C) pinocytosis.
D) exocytosis.
E) entropy.
36. Molecules which permeate a plasma membrane by facilitated diffusion
A) require an expenditure of energy.
B) require the aid of transport proteins.
C) move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
D) do so much more quickly than those crossing by simple diffusion.
E) all of these
37. A molecule that can diffuse freely through a phospholipid bilayer is probably
A) hydrophilic.
B) positively charged.
C) hydrophobic.
D) negatively charged.
E) a sugar.
38. If red blood cells are taken from the body and placed in a hypertonic solution, what
happens to the cells?
A) The cells swell and burst because water moves into the cells.
B) The cells shrivel up because water leaves the cells.
C) The cells remain unchanged due to equal solute concentration inside and outside the
cells.
D) The cells remain unchanged due to equal water concentrations inside and outside the
cells.
E) They become white blood cells.
39. Which process accounts for the movement of solids into some animal cells?
A) active transport
B) facilitated diffusion
C) diffusion
D) osmosis
E) phagocytosis
40. What does a cell use exocytosis for?
A) to move away from danger
B) to release substances from the cell
C) to incorporate nutrients
D) to pump hydrogen molecules across the membrane
E) to create new cells
41. The urinary bladder is protected from leaking due to cell-to-cell junctions called
A) desmosomes.
B) tight junctions.
C) gap junctions.
D) plasmodesmata.
E) stretch receptors.
42. What is a major component of primary cell walls of plants?
A) chitin
B) cellulose
C) pectin
D) lignin
E) protein
Answer: B
43. Besides ATP, glycolysis also directly produces:
a) GTP.
b) NADH.
c) lactate.
d) FADH2.
e) a proton gradient across the membrane
44. What is the end product of glycolysis?
a. water
b. sugar
c. Pyruvate
d. acetate
e. Acetyl CoA
45. Fermenting pyruvate can produce either _______ or _______.
a. sugar, carbon dioxide
b. carbon dioxide, water
c. lactate, alcohol
d. water, alcohol
e. sugar, water
46. The main products of the Krebs cycle are
a. ATP and FADH2
b. Carbon dioxide and NADH2
c. Acetyl-CoA
d. All of the above
e. A and B
47. Oxygen drives cellular respiration and ends up in _______.
a. carbon dioxide
b. sugar
c. water
d. A and B
e. Phosphate
48. During glycolysis, _____ ATPs are used for glucose activation and _____ are
produced during energy harvest.
a. 4, 2.
b. 2, 6.
c. 6, 2
d. 2, 4
e. 2, 34
49. During electron transport chain, H+ protons follow electrons and get into the
____________, where they accumulate.
a. Matrix
b. Intermembrane compartment
c. Cytoplasm
d. Outer membrane
e. thylakoid
50. ATP is synthesized by the process of __________________during glycolysis, and by
the process of ___________________ during the electron transport chain.
a. chemiosmosis, redox.
b. Substrate level phosphorylation, fermentation.
c. Chemiosmosis, substrate level phosphorylation.
d. Substrate level phosphorylation, chemiosmosis.
e. Oxidative phosphorylation, endocytosis.
II. Labeling. Use the correct labels (A-E) to label the following figures:
For questions 51 – 52 use the next figure on the general reactions of photosynthesis and cellular
respiration:
51. Water
A.
B.
52. Oxygen
A.
B.
For questions 53 – 54, choose either A or B from the figure on ATP production in the cytoplasm
53. Fermentation
A.
B.
54.Glycolysis
A.
B.
For questions 55-56 use the diagram of the
enzyme:
55. Active Site
A.
B.
56. Allosteric site
A.
B.
For questions 57- 60 use the chloroplast and mithocondrion figures:
57. cristae _____
58. Stroma _______
59. thylakoid ______
60. matrix _____
For questions 61 – 64, use the next diagram of the plant cell:
61. Golgi apparatus _______
62. Endoplasmic reticulum ___
63. vacuole _________
64. nucleolus ______