STAAR REVIEW 2—THE GILDED AGE
RISE OF AMERICAN INDUSTRY
_______________________________
________________________________________
-Individuals are free to produce and sell what they wish
-People go into business to make a profit
-Prices are set by supply and demand
-Inefficient companies are unable to compete
-Protection of property and contracts
-Passing of protective tariffs
-System of patents leading to new inventions
EMERGENCE OF MODERN INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY
1. Expansion of _______________________________ (improves travel and trade)
2. Growth of _________________________________
3. Development of national _______________________
4. Technological advances. ________________________________ in steel production. __________________________ gives rise
to new industries. ______________industry develops.
5. Development of ______________________________________ as business organization.
GREAT ENTREPRENEURS (BUSINESS MEN) “ROBBER BARONS OR “CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY”?
__________________________________ Fostered the Gospel of Wealth. Steel production. Philanthropist who gave money to
libraries and schools.
__________________________________Standard Oil Company. Controlled the refining of oil. Forced to dissolve company when
developed monopoly of oil industry. Also a great philanthropist.
RISE OF ORGANIZED LABOR
Problems faced by workers included:
_________hours, __________wages; poor working conditions, _____________________tasks;
____________labor; lack of job _______________________
Rise of Labor Unions:
_________________________________________________________ (Terrence Powderly)
_________________________________________________________ (Samuel Gompers)
Government attitude toward unions:
________________________ bias; saw unions as driving up ______________ of goods; _____________________________
of 1886 (association with ____________________________________).
URBANIZATION
Movement of people from _________________________________ to _____________________________.
Brings many problems:
Crowded ________________________________ (one room apartments with little light/ little plumbing
_______________________________________ (sewage contamination of water)
Inability to provide essential _____________________________________________________.
Political Corruption. “____________________________________________” run by ‘bosses” that helped immigrants, but
took ________________________________ of them.
IMMIGRATION
Why the came:_______________________ factors (oppression, ________________, ____________, ethnic persecution)
_______________________ factors (belief in American _____________________, ____________________
opportunity and ________________________ ties)
New immigrants came from ____________________ and __________________________Europe, mostly ________________
and Jewish. Less _____________________________, spoke no English.
Process of ________________________________________________. Immigrants learned to speak, act and ___________
Like ______________________________; often the ____________________________ of immigrants did
This, not the adults.
SETTLEMENT OF THE FAR WEST
*Discovery of ______________ and _____________________. (_____________________________ Gold Rush when gold was found
in Yukon, near _____________________________ in 1896.
*______________________________________________ (made travel and trade with West Coast easier)
*______________________________________________ of 1862 made federal land available to settlers
*_______________________________ (Cattle drives took cattle across the open range)
*_______________________________ (dug water wells, made ______________ houses, used barbed wire and steel plows)
NATIVE AMERICAN POLICY
*__________________________________________ Federal Troops defeated Sioux and other tribes on the Great Plains and forced
them onto _________________________________________.
*___________________________________________(1887) Sought to “___________________________________: Native
Americans. It abolished ________________ and gave the lands to
_________________________________________________.
*_____________________________________________________________(1924) Granted U.S. citizenship to all Native
Americans born in the United States.
AGRARIAN MOVEMENT
*Problems of Farmers (1870-1900)
-Increased farm ________________________ led to more crops per acre, but ________________ food prices
-Farmers had to ship goods to _____________________ and were at the mercy of the _________________________ rates
-Farmers were constantly in ________________________
*_____________________________ Movement (1876)
-Original goal was to reduce rural _______________________________
-Turned into a group demanding economic and _________________ __________________.
-Helped get _________________________________________________________ of 1887 passed which regulated railroads
POPULIST PARTY:1891-1896
National ___________ party representing laborers, _______________, and the industrial ___________: also known as the
__________________________ party.
*POPULIST PLATFORM (1892)
Supported _______________________________________________ for President
The wanted:
unlimited coinage of ___________________________ (free silver)
Direct election of _____________________________
Term limits for President/ secret _________________
__________________________restriction
Graduated ___________________________________
*THIRD PARTIES IN AMERICAN POLITICS
Helped ____________________ voters on special issues
Provide outlet for minority _______________________
Pressure _______________ parties to adopt their ideas
1. WHICH GOAL WAS SHARED BY BOTH THE KNIGHTS OF LABOR AND THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR?
A. TO HELP LARGE CORPORATIONS TO INCREASE THEIR PRODUCTION
B. TO INTRODUCE NEW AND INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUES TO FACTORIES
C. TO PROMOTE IMMIGRATION OF SKILLED WORKERS FROM ASIA AND EUROPE
D. TO ORGANIZE WORKERS TO DEMAND BETTER CONDITIONS FROM EMPLOYERS
2. THE INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT (1887) AND THE SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT (1890) WERE EFFORTS BY THE FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT TO:
A. REGULATE ASPECTS OF BUSINESS
B. EXPAND THE POSTITIVE FEATURES OF THE TRUSTS
C. FAVOR BIG BUSINESSES OVER SMALL COMPANIES
D. MOVE TOWARD GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP OF KEY INDUSTRIES
“…Anyone may say that the organizations of labor invade or deny liberty to the workmen. But go to the men who worked in the…coal
mines twelve, fourteen, sixteen hours a day, for a dollar or a dollar and twenty-five cents, and who now work eight hours a day and
whose wages have increased 70 percent in the past seven years—go tell those men that they have lost their liberty and they will laugh
at you…
-Samuel Gompers to National Civic Federation, 1905, in The Samuel Gompers Papers
3. BASED ON THIS PASSAGE, WHAT DID GOMPERS SEE AS THE BENEFIT OF JOINING A UNION?
A. WORKERS HAD GAINED BETTER WORKING CONDITIONS
B. WORKERS NOW WORKED LONGER HOURS IN COAL MINES
C. WORKERS WERE ABLE TO WORK FOR A DOLLAR AND TWENTY FIVE CENTS
D. WORKERS WERE ABLE TO HAVE THEIR CHILDREN WORK IN MINES