EUKARYOTIC* CELL STRUCTURE
REMEMBER:
You need to write the notes on the slides with this icon.
Interactive Cell
Quick Review


We have already talked about Cell Theory and two types of cells.
What are the 3 key points of the Cell Theory?
All living things are made of cells
 Cells are the basic unit of structure of living things
 Cells come from other cells


What are the two types of cells?
Prokaryotic
 Eukaryotic


What is the main difference between these two cell types?
Prokaryotic – No nucleus
 Eukaryotic - Nucleus

Eukaryotic


Examples
 Plant Cells
 Animal Cells
Membrane bound nucleus
Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm
 Fluid part of the cell between the nucleus and cell membrane
 Contains structures called organelles “Little Organs”
Nucleus

Nucleus
 Contains the cell’s DNA (also called Chromatin)
 DNA codes instructions for making proteins and other molecules
Nucleus (continued)


Surrounded by a double lipid layer. Nuclear Envelope (Membrane)
Nuclear Envelope has pores/openings to allow material to move
into and out of the nucleus
Nucleolus

Small region inside nucleus that produces ribosomes
Nucleolus
Cell Membrane



Controls what enters and leaves the cell. Homeostasis
Provides protection and support
Made of a double-layered sheet called Lipid Bilayer (Lipids)
Mitochondria

Changes energy stored in food into energy the cell can use (ATP).
 Cellular

Respiration
“Power Plant” of the cell

Mitochondrion Under a Microscope
Outer Membrane
Inner Membrane
Ribosomes



Synthesize (build) proteins
Connect Amino acids into chains
Found throughout the cytoplasm (tiny dots)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)


Where lipids and proteins are built
Two types of ER
 Rough
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
ER (continued)

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)
 Ribosomes
on its surface
 Synthesize proteins
ER (continued)

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)
 No
ribosomes
 Synthesis of membrane lipids
Golgi Apparatus


It packages materials from ER for storage or release from the cell
It is found next to the ER
NUCLEUS
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi
Apparatus
Vacuoles



Store material (water, salts, food)
Plants have a single, large vacuole
The control of water content within a cell is an example maintaining
homeostasis
Lysosomes


Filled with enzymes
Digestion (breakdown) of items
 Lipids,
Carbohydrates, Proteins
 Organelles that are not useful anymore

Removes “junk” that a cell does not need
Cytoskeleton


Proteins that help the cell to maintain its shape.
Involved in movement
Chloroplast***


Found in plant cells
Capture energy from the sunlight and convert it into
chemical (food) energy. Photosynthesis
Cell Wall ***




Found in Plants
Lies outside the cell membrane
Provides support and protection for the cell
In plants, cell walls are made up of Cellulose
(Carbohydrate)
Movement

Cilia
 Short

hair like structure covering the cell
Flagella
 Longer
wipe like (tail)
Cilia & Flagella Movement
Videos and Interactive Models



Interactive Cell Model
Crash Course - Animal Cell
Inside the Cell