1965-1970
• https://www.youtube.com/results?search_qu
ery=the+century+america%27s+time&nohtml
5=False
• America Unpinned
1970s-2000s
Events with Nixon, Ford, Carter,
Reagan, Bush, Clinton, Bush,
and Obama
1970-1975
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4cLvv5FH
0FA&nohtml5=False
• Approaching Apocalypse
• Watergate segment (35:00-40:00)
Election of 1972: Nixon and McGovern
1970s
• The Watergate Scandal led to the resignation
of President Nixon in 1974.
• Nixon’s vice-president,
Spiro Agnew, had
resigned and under the
25th amendment,
Gerald Ford was named
as the vice-president.
• Ford was the only
president to achieve
office by appointment
instead of election.
A Constitutional Crisis Averted?
• Ford pardoned Nixon
• OPEC was an Arab oil cartel which boycotted
their sale of oil to the U.S. as a sign of
disapproval of our support of Israel. This
caused an energy crisis and gas lines.
• A Civil Rights issue in the cities was busing
which involved moving children to schools for
integration purposes.
• America celebrated The Bicentennial in 1976.
• Jimmy Carter was a peanut farmer and
Democratic Governor of Georgia when he
defeated Ford in the Presidential Election of
1976. He said, ‘‘I will never lie to you.’’
Amnesty for the Draft Dodgers--1977
Camp David Accords
• Peace treaty between Israel and Egypt
• Carter won the Nobel Peace Prize
Recession and Gas Shortages
• Describes the
recession of the
late 1970s when
stagnation (high
unemployment
and low
economic
growth) and
inflation (rising
prices) converge,
making economic
policy difficult to
combat the two
problems at once
Stagflation
Carter’s Policies
• Community Reinvestment Act
of 1977 (required banks to
make loans and credit
available to low-income
people)
• Department of Energy
• Department of Education
• Panama Canal Treaty
• Nuclear Regulatory
Commission
1980
• The U.S. boycotted the Summer Olympics in
Moscow because of their invasion of
Afghanistan.
• 1979, the Shah of Iran was overthrown by
followers of the Ayottollah Khomeini. The U.S.
Embassy was stormed and many hostages
were taken. This was the Iran Hostage Crisis
which lasted 444 days.
• Failed rescue
attempt in
1980 added to
frustrations of
Americans
The Environment
• Clean Air Act
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
• Earth Day
ERA
• The Women’s Rights Movement worked for
the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment
between 1972 and 1982
Who stopped ERA?
• Phyllis Schlafly
• Neo-Conservatives
Internal Migration—see p. 116
U.S. History atlas
• Postwar boom in
California
• Financial and defense
industry growth
• Recessions cause
people to leave the
industrial “frostbelt”
for jobs in the
“sunbelt”
• Population shifts led
to political shifts of
red and blue states
and representational
changes in Congress
Demographic Changes
1976 Election
1980 Election
Immigration
Election of 1980—Carter vs. Reagan
“Recession is when your neighbor loses his job.
Depression is when you lose your job.
Recovery is when Jimmy Carter loses his job.”
(Governor Ronald Reagan at the Presidential
Debate)
• Ronald Reagan defeated Jimmy Carter in the
Presidential Election of 1980.
• The Iran hostages were released on
Inauguration Day.
• Reagan began a
movement
called the New
Conservatism.
• He increased spending
and respect for the
military.
• He also got funding for
the building of the
Strategic Defense Initiative,
also called ‘‘ Star Wars ’’
• Assassination attempt by
John Hinckley—James Brady
was seriously wounded—
The Brady Bill was proposed
and later passed by Clinton.
Hinckley remains
hospitalized.
• The N.R.A. (strong lobby)
supported Reagan
• Invasion of Grenada in the
Caribbean to maintain
democratic leadership there
• Reagan was called The Great Communicator.
• His ‘‘ trickle down theory’’ of economics
• was called ‘‘Reaganomics’’ (also called
supply side economics)
• Reagan’s themes for the U.S. included:
‘‘The Shining City on the Hill’’ and
‘‘Morning in America’’.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EU-IBF8nwSY
• Religious conservatives called themselves The Moral Majority.
The 80s
• De-regulation of industry
• Tax cuts
• Reduced funding of social
programs
• Investment in military
• Family values
• Yuppies vs. Homeless
Reverend Billy Graham
religious advisor
AIDS
America contributes most to cure of
AIDS
• http://time.com/3596985/americas-aidsmiracle/#3596985/americas-aids-miracle/
Reagan appointed the first woman to
the Supreme Court
• Sandra Day O’Connor
of Arizona
• Later, Clinton appointed
Ruth Bader Ginsberg
• Obama appointed Elena
Kagan and Sonya
Sotomayor
Election of 1984
• Democrat, VP Walter Mondale chose
Geraldine Ferraro as his running mate in the
challenge for the Presidency
Mondale stated…
“Let’s tell the truth. It must be done...
Mr. Reagan will raise taxes, and so
will I. He won’t tell you. I just did.”
(Mondale’s acceptance speech at the
Democratic Convention of 1984—he lost the
election in a landslide)
1984 Election: A Reagan Mandate
Space Shuttle Program, 1981-2011
•
•
•
•
•
•
Columbia
Challenger
Discovery
Atlantis
Endeavor
The International Space Station
• What’s next?
The Space Shuttle Challenger
Christa McAuliffe, the first teacher in space
“The crew of the space shuttle Challenger
honored us by the manner in which they
lived their lives. We will never forget
them, nor the last time we saw them,
this morning , as they prepared for their
journey and waved good-bye and
‘slipped the surly bonds of earth to touch
the face of God.’”
President Reagan
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qoQlkF
ryriQ
Reagan Believed in Peace
Through Strength
Iran-Contra Scandal
• Lt. Colonel Oliver North
exposed secret weapons
sales between the U.S.,
Iran, and Nicaraguan
rebels.
Home Computers
Election of 1988
• Republican Vice-President
George H.W. Bush vs.
Democratic Governor
Michael Dukakis
The Bush Resume
• Son of a U.S. Senator
• Youngest pilot shot down over
the Pacific in WWII
• Yale
• Oil Business (millionaire by age
40)
• U.S. Congressman from Texas
• Director of CIA
• U.S. Ambassador to UN
• Ambassador to China
• Chairman of Republican Party
• Vice-President of the U.S. (eight
years)
• President, 1989-1993
USSR
• The USSR was reforming
under the leadership of
Mikhail Gorbachev.
(‘‘The Evil Empire’’)
(perestroika and glasnost)
Cold War Ends
• George Bush was President
during the fall of the Berlin
Wall and the reunification
of Germany--1989
• Ultimately, the Cold War
ended in 1991 with the
dissolution of the Soviet
Union.
• Bush sent troops to Panama
to secure the zone after an
attempt by Noriega to
control the Panama Canal.
• Noriega was captured, tried
and imprisoned in the U.S.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jRA4QFHZBA
Persian Gulf War
• Iraq’s Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait in 1990.
• Bush organized a massive response by the United
Nations.
• Bush’s chief advisor was General Colin Powell
• Troops were sent to Saudi Arabia—Operation Desert
Shield
• Baghdad was bombed, Kuwait invaded, and Saddam’s
troops fled—Operation Desert Storm
• This was a great success of the Bush administration
Clarence Thomas was appointed to the
Supreme Court
• Anita Hill changed the
workplace for women in
the United States
Bush
• “Voodoo economics” (on Reaganomics)
• “Read my lips, no new taxes!” (before the next
tax increase)
• “A thousand points of light” (referring to
American volunteerism)
1992 Election
• Incumbent, Bush ran against Democratic
Governor Clinton of Arkansas
• Clinton made the economy the main issue of
the election --‘‘It’s the economy, stupid!’’
• Billionaire Texan Ross Perot was a third party
candidate in 1992 and 1996
•
NAFTA started
•
First Female Secretary of State, Madeleine Albright
•
First female Attorney-General, Janet Reno
•
‘‘Third Way ’’
•
Started ‘Don’t ask; don’t tell’ policy
•
First Lady, Hillary Clinton, headed an effort for national health insurance—failed
•
Clinton sent troops to Somalia, Bosnia and The Persian Gulf (Second Gulf War)
•
He defeated Senator Dole for his re-election in 1996.
•
Speaker of the House, Newt Gingrich had a Conservative agenda called ‘‘Contract with
America.’’
•
Whitewater—Arkansas real estate scandal
•
Lawsuits against the President for personal conduct
•
Second President to be impeached--maintained his presidency.
Vernon Baker
• Received Distinguished
Cross following service
in WWII
• One of first African
Americans to be
recognized by the
Medal of Honor in 1997
to compensate for past
discrimination
Deficits
• America had deficit spending since the LBJ years.
• Clinton balanced the budget and had a surplus for
the Bush 2 Administration in 2001
NAFTA
North
American
Free Trade
Agreement
Lifted trade
restrictions
for U.S.,
Mexico
and Canada
U.S. International Trade Organizations
also include…
• General Agreement of
Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
• World Trade
Organization (WTO)
The Internet
• Began as an effort by The
Defense Department to
streamline communication
with scientists at
universities and laboratories
during the 1960s
• Name “Internet” and
Protocol standardized in
1982
• Providers since mid 1990s
• Has led to changes in the
workplace including “usage
agreements”
• Has led to an increase of
employees working from
home
Election of 2000
• Candidates: Republican
Governor George W. Bush
of Texas, Democratic VicePresident Al Gore,
Consumer Advocate
Ralph Nader
• Closest election in history
• Decided in The Supreme Court
for Bush
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Terrorism/War on Terror
Planes hijacked in 1970s to Jordan
U.S. Ambassador killed in Afghanistan
Plane hijacked in 1985 to Lebanon
Embassy attacked and 52 hostages held, 1979—Tehran, Iran (444 days)
1983—Bombing of U.S. Marine Barracks in Lebanon (241 killed)
Bombing of West Berlin nightclub, 1986
Lockerbie, Scotland—bomb on PanAm 103 kills 270 (Libya claims responsibilty)
World Trade Center in NYC attacked, 1993—kills 6
Oklahoma City bombing (inside job), 1995—168 dead, 500 injured
Olympic Games, Atlanta, 1996 (inside job)
1996 bombing of U.S. complex in Saudi Arabia—19 Americans killed
1998 bombing of U.S. Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania—over 200 killed
USS Cole, 2000—bomb kills 17 sailors and injures 39
9-11, 2001—hijacked airliners crash into the World Trade Center, The Pentagon, and a
field in Pennsylvania (Al Qaida responsible)
NATO troops respond in Afghanistan, 2001 to present
U.S. in Iraq 2003 to present (withdrawal began in 2010)—effort to eliminate WMD
Death of Osama Bin Laden, May 1, 2011—U.S. Navy Seals in Pakistan
Boston Marathon Bombing—April 15, 2013
Ben Ghazi, Libya—attack on American Embassy—2013
Sept. 10, 2014—Obama Administration annouces war against terrorist group, ISIL
9/11/2001
The World Trade Center
• office center in New York City which was built as a
place to conduct worldwide commerce.
9-11
• The U.S. was attacked
by Al Quaida on
September 11, 2001
in NYC, Washington,
and Pennsylvania.
• The U.S. invaded
Afghanistan in
2001 and Iraq in
2003.
President George W. Bush said:
• "Freedom and democracy are under attack.”
• "The American people need to know we are facing a
different enemy than we have ever faced.”
• "This enemy hides in shadows and has no regard for human
life. This is an enemy that preys on innocent and
unsuspecting people and then runs for cover. But it won't
be able to run for cover forever."
• "We will rally the world," the president added. "We will be
patient, we'll be focused and we'll be steadfast in our
determination.”
• "These acts of mass murder were intended to frighten our
nation into chaos and retreat, but they have failed.’’
14th Anniversary on Sept. 11, 2015—
Patriot Day
• Where were you on Sept. 11, 2001?
• Do you have any special memories of or
connections to the event?
• How have our lives changed since Sept. 11,
2001?
• Victor and United Flight 175
• Visiting the Site in December 2001
• The Memorials
9-11 Memorial at Ground Zero
Area Surrounding Ground Zero in
Lower Manhattan
One World Trade Center
Museum of Ground Zero
Pentagon Memorial of 9-11
Pennsylvania
George W. Bush
• “No Child Left Behind”
• Afghanistan and Iraq
• The Great Recession of
2008
• Memoir: Decision Points
• Presidential Library in
Dallas
Hurricane Katrina, 2005
Election 2004
• Bush of Texas and Kerry of
Massachusetts
• “Swiftboating”
• Bush victory
• Edwards was the vice
presidential candidate for
the Democrats—he later
went on trial for abuse of
election campaign funds
for his 2008 bid for the
presidency
More Elections and Debates
2008
2012
American Recovery and
Reinvestment Act of 2009
Obama’s Presidency
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Affordable Care Act
Dream Act (DACA)
Bailout of car industry
Am. Recovery and
Reinvestment Act
Withdrew troops from
Iraq
Withdrew troops from
Afghanistan
Returned troops to fight
ISIS
Nobel Peace Prize
• NSA Scandal (Edward
Snowden)
• Drones
• Tea Party
• Death of Bin Laden
• Benghazi attack, Sept.
2012
• Wind Energy
• “Made in America”
• Ukraine Crisis
• Opening of Cuba
• White House Science Fair
Questions
•
1. What economic term describes the high unemployment, slow economic growth, and inflation of the late 1970s?
•
2. President Carter gave “amnesty” to the draft dodgers in 1977. Explain what this means.
•
3. What event led to The Brady Bill?
•
4. Identify: Phyllis Schafly
•
Sonya Sotomayor
•
5. What was the Challenger Disaster in 1986?
•
6. What disease became known in the early 1980s?
•
7. What major computer program was created by The Defense Department that we use every day since the
1990s?
•
8. How did the recession lead to changes in demographics in The Sunbelt?
•
9. Name the two Republican candidates defeated by Obama in the last two elections.
•
10. Name the two women who ran for Vice-President in 1984 and 2008.
What is the Brady Bill?
Vernon Baker
Billy Graham
Sandra Day O’Connor
Oprah Winfrey
Hillary Clinton