Ch 20
Matching Cause and Effect
Cause
1.
___
South Carolina’s assault on Fort
Sumter
2.
___
Lincoln’s first call for troops to
suppress the rebellion
3.
___
Lincoln’s careful use of moral
suasion, politics, and military force
4.
___
The large Northern advantage in
human resources
5.
___
The North’s naval blockade and
industrial superiority
6.
___
The British aristocracy’s sympathy
with the South
7.
___
American minister C. F. Adams’s
diplomacy
8.
___
British expansion of cotton growing
in colonial Egypt and India
9.
___
The class-biased unfairness of the
Civil War draft
10. ___
Effect
a.
Enabled textile mills to keep
functioning despite the Civil
War and expanded Britain’s
share of global markets
b.
Enabled Northern generals to
wear down Southern armies,
even at the cost of many lives
c.
Unified the North and made it
determined to preserve the
Union by military force
d.
Eventually gave the Union a
crucial economic advantage
over the mostly agricultural
South
e.
Deterred the British from
recognizing and aiding the
Confederacy
f.
Caused four more Upper
South states to secede and
join the Confederacy
g.
Kept the Border States in the
Union
h.
Led the British government
toward actions that aided the
Confederacy and angered the
Union
i.
Led to riots by
underprivileged Northern
whites, especially Irish
Americans
j.
Led to temporary
infringements on civil
liberties and Congress’s
constitutional powers
Lincoln’s belief that the Civil War
emergency required drastic action
Ch 20 Developing Historical Skills Interpreting Tables.
1.
2.
3.
Manufacturing by Sections, 1860
a.
Compare the number of manufacturing establishments in the South and New England. Now
compare the amount of invested capital, the number of laborers, and the product value of these
same two sections. What do you conclude about the character of the manufacturing
establishments in the South and New England?
b.
Approximately how many laborers were employed in the average Southern manufacturing
establishment? About how many in the average New England establishment? How many in the
average establishment in the middle states?
Immigration to United States, 1860–1866
a.
From which country did immigration decline rather sharply at the end as well as at the
beginning of the Civil War?
b.
From which country did immigration rise most sharply after the end of the Civil War?
c.
From which country did the coming of the Civil War evidently cause the sharpest decline in
immigration?
d.
How was immigration affected by the first year of the Civil War? How was it affected by the
second year of war? By the third? How long did it take for immigration from each country to
return to its prewar level?
Number of Men in Uniform at Date Given
a.
In what period did the absolute difference in military manpower between the two sides
increase most dramatically?
b.
What was the approximate manpower ratio of Union to Confederate forces on each of the
following dates: July 1861, March 1862, January 1863, and January 1865?
c.
What happened to the military manpower ratio in the last two years of the war?
Ch 21
Matching Cause and Effect
Cause
4.
___
Political dissent by Copperheads and
jealous Republicans
5.
___
A series of Union military victories in
late 1864
6.
___
The assassination of Lincoln
7.
___
Grant’s Tennessee and Mississippi
River campaigns
8.
___
The Battle of Bull Run
9.
___
The Battle of Antietam
Effect
a.
Enabled Lincoln to issue the
Emancipation Proclamation and
blocked British and French
intervention
b.
Split the South in two and opened the
way for Sherman’s invasion of Georgia
c.
Deprived the nation of experienced
leadership during Reconstruction
d.
Made it difficult for Lincoln to
prosecute the war effectively
10. ___
The Battle of Gettysburg
e.
11. ___
Grant’s final brutal campaign in
Virginia
Helped lead to the enlistment of black
fighting men in the Union Army
f.
Ended the South’s effort to win the war
by aggressive invasion
g.
Guaranteed that the South would fight
to the end to try to save slavery
h.
Forced Lee to surrender at Appomattox
i.
Led some southerners to believe they
would win an easy victory
j.
Ensured Lincoln’s reelection and ended
the South’s last hope of achieving
independence by political means
12. ___
The Emancipation Proclamation
13. ___
The growing Union manpower
shortage in 1863
G. Developing Historical Skills
Interpreting Painting
Paintings may depict historical subjects and, in the process, convey information about an artist’s
interpretation of an event, a problem, or a whole society. Answer these questions about the Winslow
Homer painting Prisoners from the Front. (p. 508)
1.
Study the clothing carefully. Who is in what kind of uniform, and who is not? What is the artist
suggesting about the economic and military condition of the two sides? What is suggested about the
condition of civilians in the two sections?
2.
Describe the posture and facial expressions of the five main figures. What kind of attitude does each
suggest?
3.
Look at the weapons in the painting and at the distance between the Northern officer and the
Confederates. What does Homer seem to be suggesting about the relations between the sections
after the war?
Ch 22
Matching Cause and Effect
Cause
Effect
4.
___
The South’s military defeat in the
Civil War
a.
Provoked a politically motivated trial
to remove the president from office
5.
___
The Freedmen’s Bureau
b.
6.
___
The Black Codes of 1865
Intimidated black voters and tried to
keep blacks “in their place”
7.
___
The election of ex-Confederates to
Congress in 1865
c.
Prompted Republicans to refuse to seat
Southern delegations in Congress
8.
___
Johnson’s “swing around the circle”
in the election of 1866
d.
Destroyed the Southern economy but
strengthened Southern hatred of
yankees
9.
___
Military Reconstruction and the
Fourteenth and Fifteenth
Amendments
e.
Successfully educated former slaves
but failed to provide much other
assistance to them
f.
Forced all the Southern states to
establish governments that upheld
black voting and other civil rights
10. ___
The radical Southern state
Reconstruction governments
11. ___
The Ku Klux Klan
12. ___
The radical Republicans’ hatred of
Johnson
g.
Embittered white Southerners while
doing little to really help blacks
13. ___
The whole Reconstruction era
h.
Engaged in some corruption but also
enacted many valuable social reforms
i.
Weakened support for mild
Reconstruction policies and helped
elect overwhelming Republican
majorities to Congress
j.
Imposed slavery-like restrictions on
blacks and angered the North
Developing Historical Skills: Interpreting Photographs and Drawings
Answer the following questions about the photographs and drawings in this chapter.
1.
Educating Young Freedmen and Women, 1870s
What appears to be the average age of the students in the photograph? What does the dress of the
students suggest about the freedmen’s attitudes toward education? From their positioning in the
photograph, how might you describe the teachers’ relationships with the children?
2.
Sharecroppers Picking Cotton
What tasks are the sharecroppers engaged in? Is there possibly a gender division of labor among the
field workers? How does the white man in the background—likely the landowner—display his
social and economic superiority to the black sharecroppers?
3.
Freedmen Voting, Richmond, Virginia, 1871
What appears to be the economic status of the new black voters portrayed here? How does their
condition differ from that of the voting officials, black and white? What does the drawing suggest
about the power of the newly enfranchised freedmen?