-1Study Guide for Examination 1
Bring in a scanton with 50 answers on each side. No electronic devices allowed in the exam. When
you come into the exam please sit every other seat.
Steps in the scientific method, and definitions of theory and hypothesis
1. Understanding of levels of organization, from atom to ecosystems. Define and distinguish between levels.
2. Definition of pH, buffer Use of pH value to calculate differences in H ions vs OH ions, difference in acidic, neutral and
basic solutions.
3. Difference in ionic, covalent and hydrogen bonds. Which results from sharing electrons, or which results from loosing or
gaining electrons. Which is charged. Why is water charged? Differences in hydrophobic vs hydrophilic substances
4. The most common elements in living cells what makes a substance organic.
5. Differences in the four types of macromolecules, what each is made of, the chemical properties and functions of each and
the role in the cell, examples of specific types of macromolecules.
6. The structure of the atom and the charges of each part. How many protons, neutons and electrons are in an atom having
an atomic weight of 15 and an atomic number of 8?
7. MACROMOLECULES a) Definition of monomer, dimer and polymer and what the correct monomer is for each of 4
macromolecules
8. Protein structure: the amino acid and the peptide bond (mono, di, tripeptides)
9. What is the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins
10. Function of enzymes what they are made of how do they work. How should enzyme be named if the substrate is a fat, or
is DNA.
11. What is hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis
12. Lipids the difference in a triglyceride and a phospholipid. What is cholesterol, estrogen and testosterone, phospholipids
13. What lipid makes the bilayer of the cell membrane. What else is in the cell membrane.
14. The three parts of a nucleotide
15. NUCLEIC ACIDS: DNA and RNA What parts run along the backbone of these molecules and what is in the interior of DNA
how do the two chains hold together. What is the complementary base of AATTGGCC, is it DNA or RNA, What base is
only use in RNA or DNA. How are the two strands of DNA held together?
16. Carbohydrates: What are 3 6C sugars and 2 5C sugares. What are the monomers of Cellulose, Glycogen, Starch. What is
the difference in Sucrose, Maltose and Lactose. Where do humans store glycogen, and why.
17. TRANSPORT: What is semipermeable .(passive (diffusion, osmosis and facilitative) compared to active (Na/K pump and
endo/exo cytosis)
18. The effect of placing a cell in a hyper/iso and hypotonic solution. When will cell swell, or burst, when is it in homeostasis.
19. Definition of a cell. How did cells evolve from prokaryotic to eukaryotic. ENDOSYMBIOSIS
20. In this cell which is the mitochondria, chloroplast, site of protein synthesis, storage of nuclei, site of cell respiration, and
photosynthesis, etc.
21. Lab Understanding for Santa Monica College: Choosing independent, and dependent variable, defining control in various
experiments., Ways to measure ph, volume, how you know if unknown organism is a plant, animal, fungi, protista or
bacteria, how you know if its photosynthetic, multi or single celled. How to do a experiment to measure the activity of
lipase or the activity of an enzyme at different temperatures or pH. How to measure specific heat and heat of
vaprization.
22. Lab Understanding for LA MissionCollege: Choosing independent, and dependent variable, defining control in various
experiments., Ways to measure ph, volume, how you know if unknown organism is a plant, animal, fungi, protista or
bacteria, how you know if its photosynthetic, multi or single celled. How to do a experiment to for double or single bond
in certain compounds. How to measure specific heat and heat of vaprization, density. How to determine H and OH
concentration in a solution based on pH.
23. Graphing results with two groups, what goes on x vs y axis.
24. HOMEOSTASIS
1. pH and enzyme function, blood pH and removal of CO2, the nature of the CO2 as a buffer.
2. Cell Respiration and acquisition of cell Energy. The equation for cell respiration,
Glucose and Oxygen ====> carbon dioxide and water and ATP
25. Prepare Your Essay in advance, then memorize it. You will be notified in advance as to the topic. It is worth 10 points.