Aim: How are diseases related to
homeostasis?
Handout
HW:
Review book pg. 33-36
Q’s 54-69,
pg. 41-42 Q’s31-34, 44
Castle learning: Immunity
Disease
is an abnormal condition of an organism
that impairs bodily functions and can be
deadly
The failure of the homeostasis of
an organism
Qualified as contagious diseases (also called
communicable diseases) can be transmitted from
one person or species to another
Qulaified as non-contagious diseases that may be
caused by the environment and genetic disorders
*contact with airborne droplets, spread by sneezing,
coughing, talking, kissing or even singing
*contact with bodily fluids, generally as a result of sexual
activity
*contaminated food and water
*contact with a contaminated, inanimate object
VECTORS:
Any animal that can
transmit a pathogen.
Pathogen – any substance that
can cause disease
Examples
–Mosquitos
–Ticks
–Raccoons
Malaria, West Nile Virus
Lyme Disease
Rabies
1. Microorganisms
invasion of pathogens (antigens) for example
bacteria and viruses.
2. Harmful Lifestyle
choosing activities that could leave your body
vulnerable to infection.
Examples – drugs, smoking, unsafe sex,
malnutrition
3. Organ malfunction
when an organ fails to properly function
4. Inheritance
when there is a genetic predisposition
to a disease
5. Pollution
environmental pollution could include air
pollution and water pollution. Examples are
lead poisoning and asbestos poisoning
Any substance that can cause the
production of antibodies and
prompt an immune response
Found on the cell membrane of
most pathogens
EX. The outer covering of viruses.
used by the immune system to
identify and neutralize foreign
objects, such as bacteria and
viruses
Microbes that enter the body,
causing disease, are known as
1.
2.
3.
4.
pathogens
antibodies
enzymes
hosts
IMMUNITY
The ability of the body to
fight infection through the
production of antibodies or
cells that inactivate foreign
substances/invaders
(pathogens)
Any substance that can cause the
production of antibodies and
prompt an immune response
Found on the cell membrane of
most pathogens
EX. The outer covering of viruses.
video
used by the immune system to
identify and neutralize foreign
objects, such as bacteria and
viruses
video
The diagram below represents one
possible immune response that can
occur in the human body.
The structures that are part of the immune system are
represented by
1. A, only
2. A and C, only
3. B and C, only
4. A, B, and C
Certain microbes, foreign tissues,
and some cancerous cells can cause
immune responses in the human
body because all three contain
1.
2.
3.
4.
antigens
enzymes
fats
cytoplasm
act as filters or traps for foreign particles
and contain white blood cells
functions in the destruction of extra red
blood cells, and holds a reservoir of blood.
stimulate the
production of white
blood cells
Production of blood cells
Lines of Defense
First Line of Defense
Physical barriers
Skin acts as a barrier between the
outside environment and the internal
environment.
Second Line of Defense
Inflammatory Response
Inflammation occurs when the physical
barrier as been penetrated and the site of
penetration becomes swollen and warmed.
Third Line of Defense
Immune Response
When the immune system
recognizes, attacks, destroys, and
“remembers” pathogens. The
immune response is carried out by
the white blood cells.
FINAL SUMMARY
To replace burned skin, doctors can successfully transplant
replacement skin taken from another part of the body of the
burn victim. Which statement best explains why the
transplanted skin is not rejected?
1. The transplanted skin is damaged, making the immune system
nonfunctional.
2. The antigens of the replacement skin are the same as those of
the damaged skin.
3. Burn victims lose so much blood that white blood cells cannot
cause an immune response.
4. There is no blood supply to the skin, so mixing of antigens does
not occur.
The presence of parasites in an
animal will usually result in
1. an increase in meiotic activity within structures of the host
2. the inability of the host to maintain homeostasis
3. the death of the host organism within twenty-four hours
4. an increase in genetic mutation rate in the host organism
Which statement best describes an
immune response?
1. It always produces antibiotics.
2. It usually involves the recognition and destruction of
pathogens.
3. It stimulates asexual reproduction and resistance in
pathogens.
4. It releases red blood cells that destroy parasites.