A
C/T
T/T
Frequency
B
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
T/T
C/T
C/C
C/C
C
Alive
70
Dead
Frequency
Frequency
60
D
50
40
30
70
Alive
Dead
60
50
40
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
119F
L119
119F
L119
Additional file 5: Figure S2. Detection of the 119 F GSTe2 resistance allele in An.
funestus. (A) The results of the TaqMan diagnostic assay for genotyping L119F, with three
genotypes unambiguously identified (three clusters). (B) The genotype distribution of L119F
alleles across nine countries in Africa shows there is a strong correlation between L119F
genotypes and known patterns of DDT resistance. For example, the 119 F (T/T) genotype is
fixed in the highly DDT-resistant Benin population but is completely absent in the fully
susceptible southern African populations (Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia). (C) Assessment
of the correlation between the L119F alleles and the permethrin (type I pyrethroid)-resistant
phenotype. (D) Assessment of the correlation between the L119F alleles and the lambdacyhalothrin (type II pyrethroid)-resistant phenotype.