ENGL 384: Grammar: Syntax
Spring, 2015/1436
Revision
Syntax
What do these symbols stand for?
1.
CP
2.
3.
4.
D
DP
IP / TP
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
IT
NP
PP
Prep
PRN
T
11. TP
12. TP
13. VP
Complementiser phrase (connector)
It connects 2 sentences. (2 TPs or IPs): main clause with an embedded clause.
Ex> because, that, …etc.
The film (that) I am watching is enjoyable.
Determiner: a, an, the
Determiner phrase: a man , an apple, the boy
Sentence that has a subject & predicate – the subject & the verb agree one
another
Infinitive tense: to go, to have
Noun phrase: Boys go to school
Prepositional phrase: to school
Preposition: in, on, at, by
Pronoun: he, she, it, they, you,
NP (He)
Tense : S
Tp (worked) – V2
A sentence
A sentence is a TP.
Tense phrase: to reduce taxes, to make tea,
Verb phrase: go to school
Complete
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Sentences are structured out of ………………,
phrases and ……………………..
The smallest type of sentence is that one which
contains…………………………. .
"Jehad smokes." consists of ……………………
Words – clauses
one single clause
-
A subject & a
predicate.
- S&V
- NP & VP
Agreement / singular
In "Jehad smokes.", there is ……………between
the S & the V. Both are ……………… .
"Jehad smokes cigars." This sentence has 3 parts. Subject / verb (predicate) /
They are ……………., …………….& …………
complement
In English statements, the subject …………..the
Precedes
ENGL 384: Syntax
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7.
verb. [Ex. Ali played.]
In English statements, the complement
…………..the subject and its verb. [Ex. Ali played
football.]
8.
I
Nominative / subjective
The pronoun case [
me] is ……………….
Accusative / objective
The pronoun case [
my / mine] is ……………….
genitive / possessive
The pronoun case [ ] is ……………….
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22. `
23.
24.
25.
26.
Follows
[my car] is a ……………..genitive case form.
[mine] is a ……………..genitive case form.
A pronoun has 3 cases. It could be in place of a
……………….. or an ……………..or a …………….. .
A verb is either ………………..or plural.
Examples of singular verbs like: ………….
Examples of singular verbs like: ………….
Choose: …………….plays tennis. [He – Him – His]
Choose: I gave …………a book. [he – him – his]
Choose: Mohammad …………….
a. Apples
b. an apple
c. both a & b
Choose:
A sentence which has one clause only is called a
………………….sentence. [simple – complex –
compound]
Choose:
A sentence which has two different main clauses
is called a ………………….sentence. [simple –
complex – compound]
Choose:
A sentence which has two related clauses (main
& subordinated) is called a
………………….sentence. [simple – complex –
compound]
Choose:
We expected John ……………win the race.
Choose:
We expect John ……………win the race.
Choose:
We expect John to …………… the race.
Choose:
Long
Short
Subject / object / possession
Singular
is, has, does, goes
are, have, do, go
He
him
Both a & b
Simple
Example: Mark knows.
Compound
Example: Mark knows (that)
Mariam smokes.
Complex
Example: Mark speaks
English because he lives in
England.
Will
Would (/)
Will (/)
Would
win (/)
won
win (/)
ENGL 384: Syntax
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27.
We expected John to …………… the race.
We expect ………….will win the race.
28.
We expect ………….to win the race.
29.
Give one example for each of the following:
a) –s
b) –d
c) Base
d) –n
e) –ing
Choose (go – goes – going – went – gone)
a) She …………….to school yesterday/last
week.
b) She has …………….to school.
c) She will …………….to school.
d) She is …………….to school.
e) She …………….to school and she is the best
in class.
30.
won
He (/)
him
He
Him (/)
Goes
Went
Go
Gone
Going
Went
Gone
Go
Going
goes
ENGL 384: Syntax
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