Lungs
• Function:
to take oxygen from air that is
inhaled and give off carbon
dioxide and a small amount of
water vapor in the air that is
exhaled.
1. The lungs are apart of the
respiratory system.
2. The epiglottis is a small flap of
tissue above the trachea that
prevents food from entering the
trachea and lungs.
• At the lower end of the trachea
are two short branches called
BRONCHI, that carry air into the
lungs.
• Within the lungs, the bronchi
branch into smaller and smaller
tubes called BRONCHIOLES.
• At the end of each bronchiole are
clusters of tiny, thin-walled sacs
called alveoli.
• The exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide takes place
between the alveoli and the body
(surrounding capillaries).
• Capillary: blood vessels that form
an intricate network throughout
the body for the interchange of
various substances, such as
oxygen and carbon dioxide,
between blood and tissue cells.
• The diaphragm is a muscle
beneath the lungs that helps
move air in and out of the body.
3. The right lung consists of three
sections called lobes, while the
left lung has two sections . The
lungs are composed of spongy
tissue surrounding tree-like
branches of the bronchial tubes.
Lung tissue feels like a wet
sponge, except lung tissue is
elastic, a sponge is not!
4. When we breath in, each tiny air
sac is blown up like a balloon.
When we breath out, these
stretched air sacs squeeze the
air from the lungs by shrinking
down to a smaller size.
5.Do lungs have any
true shape of their
own?
Disease of the Lungs:
• Emphysema:
It’s a condition
in which the lung tissue has
become overstretched and lost its
elasticity.
• When looking at the lung, the
external surface of the lung in
usually a red-black in color. This
coloration is due to deposits of
cigarette smoke, smoke, or coal
dust. Emphysema lungs will
appear to have lots of holes
because of all the ruptured air
sacs.
• The leading cause of this is cigarette
smoking.
• There is no cure for emphysema. It is
an irreversible disease.
• One pack a day smoker puts
approximately 1 qt. of tobacco tars
into his lungs every year. As the
lungs are painted with these sticky
tars, they become stiff and brittle.
This causes them to lose their
elasticity and to burst with the
pressures of coughing which plague
the cigarette smoker.
• Symptoms: shortness of breath,
wheezing, chronic coughing, and
foul smelling sputum from the
lungs.
2.Bronchitis: inflammation of
the bronchial tubes, the
breathing tubes which take air
from the windpipe to the lungs.
Once again, all smokers have
some form of bronchitis. It is
commonly known as smokers
cough.
3. Tuberculosis
• Is a communicable disease
caused by the bacteria
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Once the germ is inside the body
it can spread to the whole body,
but usually it stays in the lungs.
Once in the lungs it forms a
cheesy-like material, usually
enclosed within a thick gray-white
capsule.
• Symptoms: coughing up blood,
chest pains, loss of weight, and
fever.
Pneumonia
• It’s an acute infection of the air
sacs of the lungs. Usually, you
become sick very quickly with a
shaking chill, sharp pains in the
chest, coughing, fever, and
headache.
Cardiac Lung (heart failure)
Cardiac Lung (heart Failure)
• Heart failure is a medical term
referring to a condition in which
the heart becomes weak to
properly circulate blood
throughout the whole body. This
causes fluid to back up in the
lungs or to the lower parts of the
body.
• Pulmonary edema: retention of
fluid in the lungs. Symptoms:
coughing, wheezing, progressive
shortness of breath, and may
appear to be pale.