JACKSONIAN ERA 1824-1840
AGE OF JACKSON: ELECTION OF 1824
• CANDIDATES
– NORTHEAST
– SOUTH
– WEST
• ISSUES
• RESULTS: “Corrupt Bargain” ??
• PRESIDENCY OF JOHN QUINCY ADAMS
– Did not believe public opinion should influence government
policies. ???
– Created the Department of the Interior
– 1st to hold regular Presidential News Conferences
– Signed the Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations)
– Proposed: (failed to pass)
• National Observatory
• National University
MARKET REVOLUTION: 1805-1830
• TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION:
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RIVER TRAFFIC—STEAM BOAT
ROAD CONSTRUCTION
– TOLL ROADS
– TURNPIKES
– NATIONAL ROAD
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CANALS
– ERIE CANAL
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RAILROADS
– PETER COOPER
– “BEST FRIEND OF CHARLESTON”
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RISE OF NEW YORK CITY
• INDUSTRIALIZATION:
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TEXTILES—Samuel Slater, Moses Brown
CORPORATIONS
LABOR SYSTEMS
– WALTHAM-LOWELL
– RHODE ISLAND SYSTEM
– ORGANIZED LABOR
OTHER FACTORS THAT LED TO AN EXPANDING
AMERICAN ECONOMY 1815-1840
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1. POPULATION GROWTH
– IMMIGRATION
2. AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
– CHEAP LAND
– URBAN MARKETS
– UPLAND COTTON (SOUTH)
3. LUMBERING BUSINESS
BUILDING MATERIALS
– PAPER PRODUCTS
4. FUR TRADE
– JOHN JACOB ASTOR
– “MOUNTAIN MEN”
5. FISHING
– NE: WHALING
– CHESAPEAKE: CRABS
– GULF COAST: SHRIMPING
6. TRADE WITH SPANISH (1820S)
– WEST TEXAS, NEW MEXICO
AMERICA’S CULTURAL CHANGES 1810S-1860S
• 2ND GREAT AWAKENING:
– Frontier religious movement
– Charles Finney
– Rise of Methodism, Presbyterianism and Baptists
– Christianizing the slaves.
• TRANSCENDENTALISM:
– Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau
• REFORM MOVEMENTS:
– Education
– Treatment of the insane
– Feminism
– Prison reform
“ERA OF THE COMMON MAN”
JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY
•
ELECTION OF 1828
– CANDIDATES
– ISSUES: Tariff of Abominations, Corrupt Bargain, personalities
– RESULTS
– CALHOUN’S “SC EXPOSITION AND PROTEST”
• ANDREW JACKSON’S ADMINISTRATION
– “COMMON MAN” JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY V. JEFFERSONIAN
DEMOCRACY
– SPOILS SYSTEM “KITCHEN CABINET” (Eaton Affair)
• MAJOR ISSUES:
– 1. NULLIFICATION CRISIS
–
Gen. WinfieldScott
• TARIFF OF 1828
• TARIFF OF 1832
• NOV. 1832—SC NULLIFIED THE TARIFF, EFFECTIVE FEB. 1, 1833
• Jackson stated…nullification is disunion and disunion is treason.
• SC Governor—”If we don’t win over tariffs, then we will lose over slavery”.
• Militia groups openly trained expecting an attack by Jackson.
• JAN. 1833—FORCE BILL
• JAN. 1833– TARIFF COMPROMISE OF 1833
2. BANK WAR
• 2nd B.U.S. chartered in 1816-1836-- Both a public and private bank in one.
• McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819—declared the Bank constitutional.
• Panic of 1819—Jackson developed dislike and hatred for all banks.
MAJOR ISSUES CONTINUED
– 1823 Nicholas Biddle—Pres. of the 2nd B.U.S.
• Aristocratic, elitist
• Foreign investors
• Used the 2nd B.U.S. as a tool to control reckless banking.
– Small state banks were printing “unbacked” Bank Notes (reckless banking)
– Threaten Bank runs.
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New Bank Bill introduced 1832 3rd Bank of US-- Henry Clay
Veto
Election of 1832
“Bank War”
• Pet Banks
• Reckless Loaning
• Inflationary spiral
– Panic of 1837
• 3. INDIAN REMOVAL
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INDIAN REMOVAL ACT 1830
TREATY OF DANCING RABBIT CREEK-1830
REMOVAL OF THE CHEROKEE
1829 GEORGIA STATE LAW
1829 CHIEF JOHN ROSS — CHEROKEE NATION V. GA, 1829
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WORCESTER V. GEORGIA, 1832
– TRAIL OF TEARS-1835-1838
– BLACK HAWK WAR
ELECTION OF 1836
• NEW PARTY—”WHIGS”
• ELECTION STRATEGY
• CANDIDATES
• VAN BUREN’S ADMINISTRATION 1837-1841
– INHERITED FROM JACKSON’S PRESIDENCY
• SEMINOLE WAR
• ANNEXATION OF TEXAS
• Van Buren continued:
• “Caroline Affair” 1837
• Aroostook War (Potato War)1838-39
• The Amistad Trial 1838
• Panic of 1837
• Election of 1840 “Log Cabin Campaign”
– Candidates
– Issues/campaign
– Results