Prehistoric Cultures
Class Slides Set 12D
Primates: Apes
Tim Roufs’ section
http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/pcprim.html#Apes
Classification chart (after Linnaeus)
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 96
A Primate Family Tree
The Emergence of Humankind, 4th ed., p. 64
Apes
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123
Hylobates
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123
Pongids:
”The Great Apes”
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123
Orangutan
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123
Gorilla
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123
Chimpanzee
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123
Hominids
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123
Hominoidea
Family
Genus / Species
Hylobates
gibbon
Pongids
orangutan
chimpanzee
gorilla
(“great apes”)
Hominids
Hominoidea
Family
Genus / Species
Hylobates
gibbon
Pongids
(“great apes”)
Hominids
Modern Asian Apes
p. 131
Geographical distribution of modern Asian apes
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 131
p. 131
Old World Monkey: Gibbon
The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 75
p. 131
Old World Monkey: Gibbon
The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 74
p. 131
White-handed gibbon
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 131
Hominoidea
Family
Genus / Species
Hylobates
gibbon
Pongids
orangutan
chimpanzee
gorilla
(“great apes”)
Hominids
Pongids (Great Apes)
•orangutan
(Pongo)
•chimpanzee
•gorilla
(Gorilla)
(Pan)
p. 131
p. 132
Geographical distribution of modern
African and Asian apes
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 131-136
Pongids (Great Apes)
•orangutan
(Pongo)
Orangutan
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123
Modern Asian Apes
p. 131
Geographical distribution of modern Asian apes
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 131
p. 131
Orangutan (female)
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 139
p. 131
Orangutan
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 161
p. 131
Great Ape: Bearded Male Orangutan – “The Man of the Forest”
The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 81
p. 131
Great Ape: Orangutan
The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 191
Pongids (Great Apes)
•orangutan
(Pongo)
•chimpanzee
•gorilla
(Gorilla)
(Pan)
http://www.careerbuilder.com/TV/
Chimpanzee
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123
Modern African Apes
p. 132
Geographical distribution of modern African apes
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 132
p. 132
Chimpanzee
The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 71
p. 132
Chimpanzee (male)
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 134
p. 132
Chimpanzee (female)
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 134
p. 132
Female bonobos with young
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 135
p. 132
Chimpanzees grooming
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 151
http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa003&articleID=000C1A68-BA52-11F6-BA5283414B7F0000
http://www.nature.com/news/2005/050124/full/050124-7.html
Pongids (Great Apes)
chimpanzee sexual
dimorphism
–female body weight is 78%
of male weight
http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/pcgoodal.html#Jane_Goodall
http://www.newsobserver.com/689/story/1043421.html
www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24878149/
Pongids (Great Apes)
•orangutan
(Pongo)
•chimpanzee
•gorilla
(Gorilla)
(Pan)
Gorilla
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123
Modern African Apes
p. 132
Geographical distribution of modern African apes
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 132
p. 132
Western lowland gorilla (male)
Gorilla gorlla gorilla
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 132
p. 132
Western lowland gorilla (female)
Gorilla gorlla gorilla
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 132
p. 132
Mountain gorilla (male)
Gorilla gorilla beringei
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 133
p. 132
Mountain gorilla (female)
Gorilla gorilla beringei
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 133
Pongids (Great Apes)
gorillas have
considerable sexual
dimorphism
–female body weight is half
(51%) of male weight
news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/08/080805-gorillas-congo.html
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/09/080916-bush-meat.html?source=rss
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/09/080916-bush-meat.html?source=rss
Pongids (Great Apes)
Time permitting, we’ll have a
closer look
at the Great Apes later
(class slide Set # 14)
Next: General Features and
Major Evolutionary Trends
of Apes and Humans